Writing a Research Papers - Overview

Writing a Research Papers - Overview If you decide to get a research paper from our site, you're going to get a wide range of advantages. Our writers offer brand-new papers based on completely new data. There are a variety of sources you will be able to try, including the internet, libraries and sometimes interviews. You'll also wish to consider employing a literature overview. You can do research in a number of various ways. Nevertheless, when students ask how to compose a research paper there's set of steps that was shown to be effective and beneficial. One reason why students fail in their research papers is because of their carelessness to follow along with the directions. Religious is among the important academic coursework which students should undertake as a way to compete their learning task. When you are worried about writing research paper, it can cause you to be stressed and not to have the capacity to perform in the simplest way throughout different regions o f your life. Research is a task that no 2 people do the same manner. There's 1 answer to your research paper difficulties. White papers should help people make decisions, so it's critical to understand as much as possible about your audience so that you can concentrate on what's most meaningful to them. Although religion paper writing is an intriguing encounter, most students are not able to finish their work in time since they have other pursuits that they are supposed to cope with. Otherwise, you are likely wondering what you could do in order to acquire your research paper done in time and minimize your odds of failing the class. Deciding a topic ought to be performed at the first possible time to offer ample time for research. It's possible to simply purchase a research paper online and set an end to your struggles efficiently. The essay writing must be carried out in a well-planned and structured way. 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The Protection Of Civil Rights - 1589 Words

Introduction Canada is known to be one of the leading countries in the world devoted to the protection of civil rights. In the legal context, this feat was achieved through the drafting and the creation of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms in 1982. The charter was establish to enforce the rule of law and to serve as a mechanism which limits the overarching authority of the states. While the general public enjoys the benefits of numerous rights available to them through the charter, it is the most vulnerable populations within a state which are at risk of being treated unconstitutionally. One of the at-risk populations being examined in this paper is sex workers; specifically prostitutes. There are multiple populations involved in the†¦show more content†¦As the paper progresses it will become evident that the laws dealing with prostitution aims to criminalize various acts of prostitution. Furthermore, this essay provides academic support which demonstrates that prostitution laws compromise the safety and rights of individuals involved in the sex trade professions. Throughout the essay the precedent setting case of Bedford v. Canada is utilized to demonstrate the unconstitutionality of Canada’s prostitution laws. Finally, the essay concludes by drawing comparisons between jurisdictions to understand the outcomes of legalization and decriminalization of prostitution. After careful analysis of the evidence and support in lieu of prostitution law, it will become evident that criminalization of prostitution as a profession violates human rights of the prostitutes and more importantly puts their safety at risk. The paper is strictly referring to the prosti tution laws in the Canadian context. Prostitution in Canada Before proceeding further it is important to get obtain a general understanding of prostitution in Canada. Canada as a nation has had a dubious history with the practice of prostitution. Since 1972, it has been legal to ‘be’ a prostitute but engaging in other prostitution related activities is virtually impossible. Since the late 20th and early 21st Century, while other nation states have progressed towards decriminalizing the

Terry Eagleton and Literature Theory free essay sample

Doing a polemical study of contemporary literary theory, Eagleton introduces us in this world explaining what is actually fiction. a. Imaginative writing One definition is that literature is imaginative writing, based on its fictionality and do not engage in the literal truth. However, Eagleton rejects this theory, since the literature also includes nonfiction genres such as essay and autobiography. Distinguishing between fiction and fact, or truth and fantasy is considered too controversial to us led to a satisfactory demarcation. . The particular use of language According to this definition, literature is a particular use of language, which changes the ordinary language and makes it stronger. Fiction has its laws, structures and procedures that should be studied and not a means for transmitting ideas, nor a reflection of social reality. As such it was studying the Russian formalists, who analyzed the content rather than form, as the sum of the measures that the combined effect of d eautomatization. But even this theory is not good since it is required for normal deautomatization linguistic background and understanding of a work as literature depends on the context. . Unpragmatical form of discourse Literary is what no practical function, does not serve any purpose. Fiction becomes autoreferential language because it refers to itself and is not an essential truth of what it says, but the way it is spoken. This definition is therefore not objective because it depends on how we read. It is also the practical problem of understanding the history and unpragmaticality is inherent in the species which are not literature. . Good or treasured writing To any literary work should fall into the category of beauty as well as universally accepted and esteemed spellings. The problem is that the penmanship is unclear, vague and biased concept. definition of beauty changes over different societies and historical periods. Therefore there is no literary work that would be valuable in itself becau se the value of temporary fix. Eagleton concludes that literature can never be objective because it is based on values that are rooted deep within us. It is more than what people understand by this term, is closely related to the social ideology and implies a political stance. 1st The development of English as an academic subject In eighteenth century England is a literary term embracing all forms of writing valued y society and each work is evaluated with respect to the standards (the ideological scale). So many works of literature today, have remained outside these categories, and vice versa (l still doubt whether the novel to enter into this category). England then came out of the war and restoring social order gets a new literature of importance including a number of ideological institutions whose purpose is the spread of refinement of conduct for the assimilation of the middle class. Todays notion of literature was found in the romantic period (19th century). It began by the oetry and literature becomes. During this period comes to the rise of modern aesthetics that inherit the concepts of symbols, aesthetic experience and aesthetic harmony and the unique nature of the artifact. It appears that the opinion of creative writing in itself, that his sense of uselessness. In the 19th century comes to an ideological crisis, faith lost their role and replaces the English language and literature as a form of ideology that affects the feelings and experiences, and operates at all social levels, and its the truth, resist rational explanation and therefore absolute. The main figure of this period was Matthew Arnold who saw the need to cultivate a lower middle class, finding that her fiction transmit moral values and awaken national pride. English as a subject was introduced first at technical institutes and universities working and considered the case for men and women of lower class. It is not considered particularly demanding with respect to dealing with sophisticated emotions. Eventually she began to have more masculine characteristics and served for the awakening of national identity (suitable for his victory over Germany in the 1st World War). Fighters for the English were not peer-amateurs who worked the first chair at Oxford and Camebridge, but they came from the social class of merchants and craftsmen. The most significant was F. R. Leavis. His followers opposed to the old ideology and emphasized the importance of critical analysis and rigorous attention to reading. 1932nd Scrutiny launched a magazine, which is characterized by belief in the importance of the moral dimensions of the pivotal role of the English language and literature throughout the life of English society, and have thereby created a movement that the English turned into a serious discipline. Favored the elitism, which is pretty pointless and unjustified, because not all who are not well acquainted with literature call on Les Mis ©rables and wildlife. Being a student of English in Camebridge late 20s and 30s meant to lead the most important and meaningful life. Leavses followers believed in the fundamental Englishness of English language, which is moving the emphasis of the class within the culture and turned into folklore. American New Criticism blooms from 30s to 50s and includes the works of Eliot, Richards, and Leavis Empson. According to them, poetry is one possible solution loss f sensory richness, and the intentions of the author is not relevant for the interpretation of the text. Empson recognizes that the meaning of the text undetectable and can not be reduced to the final interpretation. 2nd Phenomenology, hermeneutics, reception theory Husserl to his philosophical method gives the name of phenomenology, which is the science of phenomena, which examines the subject until you get to it to be unchangeable. Phenomenological reduction to exclude everything that is not an inherent awareness because we can not be sure of the existence of things independent of us. Puts man at the center and at the start (it is important to me I experience things). Phenomenology is influenced by the Russian formalists. As Husserl puts in parentheses real thing, so poetry is really off the subject and focuses on the way to his observations. The biggest impact was on the phenomenology of the Geneva school that seeks to reading that does not affect anything outside the text itself. Phenomenology of passively accepting the text as a mere copy of its essence. the expression of its inner meaning. Therefore, his work is often called existentialist. He is human being, that being in the world people are Just because we are onnected to others and the material world. Human knowledge is based and moves within preontological understanding of the battle preunderstanding (before you start to think, but we have collected a number of assumptions in practice). Language is a dimension in which human life takes place, and art is estrangement. Literary interpretation is what we have to allow that to happen, we must stand to open the text that he tested us. Hirsch said that there may be several different valid interpretations, but all must move within the typical expectations and probabilities. Work a writer gives meaning, purpose and readers. Meaning precedes language, it is fixed and the thing is awareness, not words, belongs to the sole author. For Gadamer the meaning of a literary work does not exhaust the intentions of the author and it is not fixed and unchangeable, but socially conditioned. In writing it is impossible to fathom, because each interpretation works from the past is the dialogue of past and present, in which the work get the meaning which the author did not count. Hermeneutics argues that literary works form an organic whole and sees history as a dialogue of the past, present and future. The theory of reception is the newest form of hermeneutics that was developed in Germany. It examines the role of the reader to the literature, which is new (so far is the history of modern literary theory was concerned with the author and text). Ingarden says that the work exists only when a number of schemes or general guidelines that the reader has to make concrete. The reader brings to the work of the a priori way of understanding, beliefs and expectations of the context within which assesses the various features of the work, which can be changed by entering new information. Iser, a member of the school reception aesthetics, says that the need for reading knowledge of literary techniques and conventions to which the work speak, understand the code works. The most effective is the work that the reader be a new critical awareness of the established codes. Reading strategies we change the text and the text changes us. The point of reading is the awakening consciousness of readers about yourself and critical vision of his own personality. Anyone who has a strong ideological commitment, there will be a good reader, because it will not be open transformative impact of the work. Contrasting Isere, Barthes modern text seeks the destruction of the repressive system of thought Modern text undermine the readers cultural identity. Sartre says that every literary text is built on understanding the potential audience, or a certain kind of reader is already included in the act of writing. Fish accepts the assumption that there is an objective work of fiction, but that is a real writer, the reader works is the sum of all past and future thinking. Reading is not revealing the meaning, but knowledge of how the text works on us. Eagleton says that meaning is not set, but hat the reader has an active role in discovering meaning. There is no purely literary response to the work, all reactions are deeply embedded in the reader as a historical and social being. 3rd Structuralism and semiotics Frye believes that literature operates according to certain objective laws that critics categories of narrative comical, romantic, tragic and ironic. tragedy and comedy is divided into highly mimetic, lower mimetic the ironic mode. Removes the value judgments (because they are subjective) and context (as a literary work made up of other literary works), According to Fry the literature deals with the reorganization of he only relationship within himself (and does not apply to the outside world), and should not be regarded as a product of individual writers (she comes from a collective entity). Frye was called structuralist in a broader sense, because it occurred at a time when developing a classic European structuralism. Structuralists are concerned with structures and examination of the laws of their action. They believe that certain elements of any system have meaning only in its relation to other elements of the system ignores the actual content of the story and focuses exclusively on the form. In connection with the structuralist method are 3 more important things -Not measured, but analysis -Rejects the obvious meaning and seeks to extract deep structure -Content of the narrative is also its structure, the narrative is a story about herself De Saussure believes that language is a system of signs that should be studied synchronically (as a system within a certain period of time). Each character is composed of signifier and signified, whose connections are arbitrary. Interpreting the functional diversity that is the result of a character from other characters. De Saussure says that the objective hould be to study the structure of characters the language (langue), rather than actual speech (parole). His opinion on the language was also influenced by the Russian formalists in terms of observing the structure of literary texts. According to Jakobson, each communication includes 6 elements the sender, recipient, message, code, media and context. It also elaborates De Saussures unlike metaphors (the sign is replaced with other characters) and metonymy (the sign associated with the second character). General structuralism is an attempt to apply this theory to linguistic objects and activities outside the immediate area of language. Prague linguistic school of transition from formalism to structuralism, which is more or less merged with the word semiotics. Semiotics is a systematic study of signs and coincides with the structuralism. Its creator is Pierce. He distinguishes three types of signs-icons (a character that resembles what is), index (symbol associated with that which is on the sign) and symbols (a symbol is arbitrarily associated with its references). Lotman, a leading Soviet semiotics, looks at the text as a layered system whose meaning exists only within the context and meaning that manages a number of similarities and contradictions. Literary texts are drawn from a series of (lexical, metric, graphic, phonological ) and their beauty comes from their constant collisions and tensions. Literary work is the creation of violations and expectations, and its meaning depends on the readers horizon of expectations. Structuralism is a revolution in the study of narrative prose created a new literary science narratology. Narratology begins with Levi-Strauss analysis of myth as a series of variations on a few basic themes. Im a myth is a kind of language that can be broken down into smaller units (mitem), which receive their meaning only by combining the true eaning of the rules which constitute the foundations of this combination. Narratology extend this model to other types of storytelling. Propp as all fairy tales combination of these areas of activity. Gremais abstracts Propps actant scheme by introducing the notion that the structural unit. They were 6-subJect, object, sender, receiver, helper and opponent Genett in different narrative processing (sequence of events in the text), the story (the actual sequence of events) and narrative (the very act of storytelling). He distinguishes five central categories of narrative analysis red, uration, frequency, manner and voice. Structuralism has pointed to the fact that the literary work of a construct like any other product knowledge, and that the mechanisms of language can be analyzed and classified as in other sciences. What we put into the meaning of words depends on the linguistic community in which we live. The traditional criticism of the work amounted to a window in the writers soul, and structuralism, it has turned into a window to the universal consciousness. It is an ideal reader for structuralists is the one that has all the codes needed to fully understand the work. The shift from structuralism made Benveniste, a shift from language to discourse, because discourse includes those who speak and those who write. Bahtin, one of the leading critics of De Saussure, draws attention to the language of abstract systems to concretely express the individual in a particular social context that it changes shape and meaning. Language is a process of dialogue in it, we can only conceive of it as something necessarily addressed to others. Austin believes that the language does not serve merely to describe reality, but it is sometimes performativ, that is directed to carry out actions. Poststrukturalizam Poststructuralism separates signifier and signified. The sign must not have present meaning, nor has it ever clean is a complete meaning. The meaning is never identical to itself because the characters must be repeatable. It must be reproducible, because it can always play in a different context that it changes the meaning. Thus the written text can be used as t he author had intended Derrida every system of thought which depends on the impregnable called metaphysical, and thinks that metaphysics is deeply embedded in us that can not be destroyed without re- renewals Deconstruction. The system operates on the principle of binary oppositions. Deconstruction demonstrates how these contrary undermine each other in the process of textual meanings. Derrida attempts to show how literary discourse point of dissemination (overflow and spray intended) obvious. Barthes goes from structuralism to poststructuralism. His theme is language and character as a historical and social understanding. Healthy sign for him is one that when the communication of meaning draws attention to their arbitrariness, as opposed to natural character. For Barthes the most interesting texts for criticism are those who an read, but those who lead us in writing, to transfer to other discourses. All literary texts are woven out of other literary texts all literature is intertextual. In literature his language, not the author. The transition to post-structuralism represents a shift from the concept works as a closed unit with a specific meaning to the notion that this is the endless play of signifiers which can never attach to the end of the crux. The works of applied 4 codes -narrative, hermeneutical, in culture, semical and symbolic. For post-structuralism has no clear boundaries between criticism and 5th Psychoanalysis According to Freud, human history is managed needs to work, which forces us to suppress the desire for pleasure and satisfaction. People are forced to suppress the principle of pleasure by applying the principles of reality, or comes to mental disorders (neuroses). This leads to the paradox we become what we are yet strong suppression elements that are so made. Freud in the process of growing three different stages oral (associated with the desire of entering items in the body), anal (anus erogenous zone, pleasure in eliminating waste) and Phallically (a childs libido is focused on the genitals). The mechanism that shapes the child in the persons edip complex. Earliest relationship of mother and child becomes the triad, where same- sex parent in your childs eyes become rivals in the battle for the love of the parents of the same sex. A boy from a desire for her mother discourages fathers threat of castration, and the girl, Freud did not present a reason to discourage her father. Overcoming the Oedipus complex, the child becomes the subject of gender and desire for the parent pushes the unconscious, the area of the desire for pleasure. The symbolic fulfillment of the dreams of our desires (in which the desire to ransform the symbols, where the meaning of condensing and dislocating), voice omissions, failures in memory, errors in reading, displacement case. The essence of healing by Freud in the transfer, ascription to their own wishes and feelings of others. Freuds theory of space divergence and attacks because many of the problematic. For example, a complaint that psychoanalysis forces the individual to the submission to an arbitrary definition of normal, that Freud is pansexual. Lacan psychoanalytic theorist who reinterpreted Freud in the light of structuralism and poststructuralism. A child in the earliest period, the imaginary phase, can not ifferentiate yourself from the outside world, subject from object. The next phase is a mirror and it starts the process of building its own center of being. Father in Lacan is the law, primarily the prohibition of incest. The child must understand that identity is formed as a result of diversity. accepting it, switches to the symbolic order, given the structure of social and gender roles and relations. The subject at the end of this process is split between the conscious and unconscious. Lacan believes that the unconscious is structured like language, it is Just a constant movement and action of ignifiers which are often marked with mysterious to us because they are repressed. For Lacans entire speech language blunders, we can never want to say exactly what we say and never say exactly what we want to say. Althusser asks how to be human subjects comply with the ruling ideology of society in which they live. This is because in the eyes of society the individual is not impersonal structure, but the entity that addresses him, he admits it and makes it clear that he appreciates and thus makes it free. Holland approached literary work as something that the reader gains a mutual antasy game and knowing the defense of these fantasies. Bloom preformulated history of literature in light of the Oedipus complex. Kristeva opposes semiotic symbolic order. Political criticism ideological history, which is closely linked. There is pure theory. No literature irrespective of the manner in which it is treated within specific forms of social and institutional life. Literary criticism should not be criticized because it is politicized, but because it is disguised or not such, and we under the guise of the universal sale doctrine, which serve the interests of consolidating certain groups of people in a articular historical moment. Literary theory has no unity or identity. The illusion is that it will be different from other sciences if you focus on one subject. Eagleton says that literature was understood as meaning that filling an entire area of operations, which Foucault calls discursive practices, and that all that area should become a subject of critical research. The oldest form of literary criticism is rhetoric, which is examining the way in which language is made to achieve a certain effect on the reader. The rhetoric was a creative and critical activity, including rhetorical art and science of it. Eagleton returned to literary criticism on the abandoned tracks, rhetoric, because it deals with a wide range of discursive practices in society, a special interest paid to the interpretation of such practices as forms of power and skill performance. The existence non political performance is an illusion, which contributes even more effective use of literature for political purposes. All forms of discourse and semantic character of practices produce certain effects, influence the shaping of our conscious and unconscious thinking and is closely associated with supporting or changing the existing power system.

To What Extent Does the Success of E

Introduction In the contemporary demanding world, the information-based ability of workers is an imperative prerequisite for companies to possess competitive advantage. The typical learning is unable to meet the objectives described for the learning necessities of employees. This aspect demands that organizations integrate e-learning for the employees to enhance the performance of the individuals that translates to organizational performance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Does the Success of E-learning Depend on a Change in Organizational Culture? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The accomplishment of the e-learning program largely depends on the technology used. More importantly, the employees and the organizational culture significantly affect the success of such initiatives. The readiness of the workforce to adopt and utilize e-learning is a critical aspect that determines the success of the i nitiative irrespective of the costs that ought to be saved and the technology used. In fact, e-learning requires the availability of equipment that allows the electronic transfer of knowledge. E-learning defines the capability to control, support and administer learning and training material (Seal and Sivan 335). These capabilities are also impacted by the organizational culture that may limit the extent at which an organization may go to ensure it remains competitive. This study explores the extent at which the e-learning depends on changes in the organizational culture in order to be successful. Main Body E-learning entails a wide range of applications and procedures including computer-dependent learning, digital cooperation, internet-based learning and virtual classrooms. The aspect involves the dissemination of information through the internet, extranet or intranet (WAN or LAN), video- and audiotape, interactive television, and CDs. From literature, e-learning appears as a tacti c and technology that enables learning. In the majority of companies, an e-learning program is typically the execution of training and cooperation that is availed to workers through the organization’s LAN hence readily accessible to individuals at their expediency. Whereas it may partly stand-in for classroom learning, it is essentially designed to augment learning and broaden it to a wider audience while saving on the expenses (McIntosh 2). Hosseini, Salimifard and Yadollahi demonstrated that e-learning is an appropriate solution for companies to deal with the shifting environment of business-connected information needed for the organizations to attain and retain competitiveness and diminish the training costs (p.42). However, it is closely related to the human resources function of an organization as a tactical means towards developing knowledge workers. In essence, it leads to enhanced employee satisfaction, improved chances of career development, supple learning for worke rs, enhanced innovation, as well as improved operational effectiveness (Liu, Huang and Lin 2012).  Majority companies use e-learning technologies to gain from such initiatives. However, due to the extensive investments initially needed and the elevated rate of failure, most of the organizations are hesitant to initiate such programs.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hence, it is imperative for the human resource function of a company willing to implement such initiatives to evaluate the readiness of the company to accept the program. Besides, it is essential for the evaluation to be done from diverse perspectives including the people, novelty, attitudes, infrastructure and organizational culture. The willingness to espouse e-learning is a critical factor that significantly impacts on the triumphant adaptation of e-learning programs. The organizational culture also affects t he success of e-learning programs. In view of organizational learning, organizational culture can ease or harden the learning process. The process can also be reversed where e-learning can be a means to the changes in organizational culture. According to Masie assertions, it is imperative for the corporate management to develop an organizational culture that supports e-learning (p.3). The tendency by workers to resist the use of technology often arises from the established organizational culture that may not encourage workers to embrace diverse changes that will eventually be necessitated by the changing business environment (Venkatesh et al. 428). This is essential for the human resources function since changes are inevitable.  Inherently, employees prefer face-to-face learning to any other learning modes. However, considering that organizations are expanding rapidly, this may not be rational. For example, it will be almost impossible for a multinational company’s human re source function to train employees around the world individually. A human resource manager based in the U.S. will be able to facilitate the dissemination of information to any part of the world so long as the infrastructure is in place. This is cost-effective as the company can hold regular video conferences at the convenience of every employee. The trainer does not need to travel around the world to train employees. From this illustration, it is essential for companies to establish organizational cultures that are flexible to adopt changes aimed at building competitiveness and profitability of the organization (Normark and Cetindamar 325).  Rigid organizational cultures hinder the implementation of diverse initiatives. Typically, most of such changes could not be readily accepted in an organization. Workers often view changes as a threat to the security of jobs. This is especially the case where technology is involved. Given that technology makes operations efficient, workers who lack confidence in their performance will resist any changes aimed at streamlining operations. Employees with such perceptions often incite others into resisting the changes irrespective of the benefits to the individuals and consequently to the organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Does the Success of E-learning Depend on a Change in Organizational Culture? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is essential for the human resource function to be in regular communication with employees whenever imminent changes are foreseen.  The right organizational culture is essential for overcoming heritage of prior incident and previous values and norms. Organizational cultures are developed over a long time. While they are not policies that are immediately implemented, they develop naturally according to the corporate environment. The management and the employees play a role in developing the organiz ational culture. As the organization grows, certain norms are developed and eventually become partly evident in many areas of the organization. The cultural factors are observed in areas such as corporate arrangement, assistance by the administration, the climate for novelty and transformation, the situation of the human capital, the managerial processes, guidance and learning, as well as the connection with information technology. E-learning is likely to be successful in situations where the aforementioned factors allow the organization to support changes in different areas. The corporate arrangement is one of the essential areas of organizational culture that significantly impact on the success of e-learning. Thus, it is important for companies to have an elaborate organizational structure. However, these structures should be flexible to allow innovations and improvements. Executives are aware that innovations are inevitable. Actually, innovations are encouraged in leading compani es as they introduce new energy and synergize these structures (Govindasamy 288).  Cisco is one of the most cited examples of how culture influences the success of e-learning. Prior to inventing the phrase â€Å"e-learning†, a member of staff at the corporation recorded a film production and placed the tape-recorded on the company’s intranet. When the employee alerted a vice president, he was thrilled by the innovation. He sent messages around the company, suggesting that they watch the video. Everyone was so eager to watch that the Cisco system almost stalled. This led to the innovation of placing videos on the company LAN instead of the company’s extranet. The interest in technology by the company led the staff to research further on the innovation leading to e-learning (McIntosh 2). The corporate arrangement was restructured to create a department that would specifically deal with e-learning. The company has ever since utilized video extensively to train th e workforce. The orientation of new employees is done through video interactions and this ensured saving the money on the costs of training as new employees could learn on their own. Such an organizational culture in terms of organizational structure flexibility is important for the success of e-learning.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The change in situation of human capital is another aspect that influences the success of e-learning. There are organizational cultures where the management hierarchy is bureaucratic to the extent that the top management will not allow the lower cadre any level of autonomy. In such situations, such cultures hinder the implementation and consequently the success of e-learning. The top management fears that it will lose control of what the employees are engaging in terms of training. For example, in a unionized organization, an executive of training conferred with the labor affairs faction regarding e-learning. He was informed that this could not be done. The grounds behind it were that corporate directors could have whined on the subject raised. In fact, one might question the reasons that could make the executives to whine concerning the extra education prospects granted to company employees. Upon investigation, it became apparent that the trouble was the immediate character of e-le arning. Workers would be capable of signing in and take the guidance devoid of the executive’s approval. The executive would lose control of what the worker would learn. A number of the situations were made available to people working here. One of them was administrative processes. Whenever an employee enrolled for an e-learning course, the executive was sent a letter. Often, the executive would advise the worker not to take the course. McIntosh claims that to a large degree, it was a control problem. Executives wanted workers to take classes that were part of the executive’s plan, especially when the classes were during company time. The other issue in the equation was a perception issue on the labor affairs faction part. They were scared of the potential predicament. After the implementation of the e-learning program, there was no problem as predicted. This is an illustration of how the situation of the people as a culture of an organization may influence the success of the e-learning programs. Prior to the implementation of an e-learning program, it is astute to confer widely with the stakeholders. The human resources division might prove to be the principal test. This is despite the training division being part of the human resource function. The motive behind this is that the human resource function and the personnel anticipate all types of labor affairs troubles (McIntosh 3).  The other aspect of organizational culture that impacts on the successful implementation of e-learning is the group attitude of the employees. Prior to the introduction of the e-learning concept, most companies trained the employees through trainer-led classrooms that were typically social. Most companies that were established more than a decade ago face the challenge of changing the organizational culture in terms of training to introduce the e-learning aspect. The employees accustomed to the trainer-directed collective classrooms could find it challenging to compr ehend the idea of acquiring knowledge without help, whereas sited facing a supercomputer. The training method adopted by most companies is entrenched in the organizational culture of the organization. Most organizations typically use one method of disseminating the training information making it part of the organizational culture.  When new employees are given training through instructor-led environment, they are accustomed all through the work experience to be trained through one system. Hence, such workers believe that it is the only way that they can learn (McIntosh 3). If there is a powerful culture of trainer-led learning in the company, it will hinder the success of the e-learning initiative. Changing the attitude of the employees demands the interception of the human resources function. The department requires preparing the employees for the changes in learning methods so that the employees are ready to embrace it before it is launched. Initially, the training can be introd uced to the employees through social environment classrooms, and then the employees complete the rest of the lessons on their own. The trainer should also be prepared to assist employees who find it difficult to learn on their own until they are fully accustomed to the new learning method.  In companies with powerful in-house training departments, the instructors themselves may observe e-learning as a risk to the job security (McIntosh 3). The strong training divisions are usually part of the organizational culture, as they are not always mandated by the company policy. They develop on their own depending on the number of trainees, the lessons that are supposed to be offered, the influence of the departmental head, the frequency of training and the autonomy given by the management. As the department grows, it becomes part of the organizational culture as the influence on the entire company grows. The human resources function need to address the fears of the trainers to ensure that they embrace e-learning. The trainers have the potential to derail the success of e-learning if they are not included from the beginning and the importance of the initiative demonstrated to them. The human resources department requires or must assure the trainers that the adoption of the initiative will not jeopardize their jobs.  The information technology department takes a central role in the company communication structure (Hung and Cho 173). Companies usually have a unique communication structure entrenched as part of their corporate culture. The people in the department are aware of what is expected and new employees carry on the culture. Thus, it becomes essential to incorporate the unit in the deliberations anytime such a project is inaugurated. The people need to be made aware that such a move will make learning easier for new and current employees; hence, the initiative needs to be supported. The culture of having the information technology department as the central sou rce of electronic information needs to be changed to accommodate e-learning at individual levels.  McIntosh asserts that it will be difficult for e-learning initiative in organizations where the executive does not support e-learning. There are organizations where the culture is framed in such a way that an initiative that does not originate from the executive receives little or no attention. E-learning is an essential revolutionary event that requires the support of the chief executive officer. Thus, it is important to have the decision-makers take the e-learning course so that they are aware of what they are discussing.  The needs of the employees are essential when developing e-learning. Fundamentally, employees in companies with strong organizational cultures usually lack some aspects of learning due to the perceived restrictions on how things are done in the organizations. Learners may feel that they will be overstepping when they ask the human resources managers for the opp ortunity to access e-learning. This s particularly the case in situations where the course that the employees wish to undertake is not in line with the tasks allocated to them in the organization. Therefore, it is imperative for the designers of the e-learning program to consult with the employees about how they wish to develop their careers. When this concern is addressed, the success of e-learning will have partially been achieved given that the employees will be ready to embrace the initiative.  The change in attitude of the employees will assist in the development of the e-learning program that will eventually benefit the needs of the organization. In this respect, organizational e-learning symbolizes the mechanisms through which the company transforms the knowledge acquired by individuals into intellectual assets (Servage 305). This indicates how the organizational culture can mold the type of learning that takes place. The mode of learning is often influenced by the needs of the company, organizational choices and practices creating diverse levels of learning. It becomes important that in designing and delivering e-learning, the organization must assess corporate conditions for learning as well as employee’s experiences in the learning procedures as they impact on the success of e-learning. The motivation of the employee to participate in e-learning is preconditioned by the prevailing organizational culture. Previous experiences shaped by the corporate culture determine the motivation of the employees to participate in the e-learning program as it interacts with organizational structures.  The issues emerge in linking the individual learning needs with the organizational practices. There is usually conflict that develops in organizations in view of the individuals being identified as both a worker and a learner. Such structures require change if e-learning is to be effective. The attitude of the management requires change so that learning can be viewed as an investment in the employee as opposed to the employee being viewed as the sole beneficiary. E-learning offers companies the distinctive opportunity to deal with swift changes in knowledge requirements (Isenmann 290). Companies, therefore, require being ready to embrace e-learning given that the concept demands a significant amount of investment in terms of finance and human resource. The management must recognize that e-learning at the initial stages will have an impact on the performance of the employees as they strive to engage in daily tasks and learning at the same time. Some organizations have corporate cultures that encourage employees to learn continuously. This is through having a culture in which employees that take frequent training are recognized and given material incentives such as certifications and promotion preconditions (Masie 2). A culture that facilitates the recognition of employees makes it easier for e-learning to be successful. Conclusion Tradi tionally, training is an interpersonal process. Contemporary, it is an individual process where employees use electronic information to advance their knowledge. E-learning is contemporarily an essential tool that companies need to adopt to enhance their competitiveness. This requires modifications to the corporate culture while newly contemplating about the position of computers as part of corporate life. Corporate cultural factors are observed in areas such as corporate arrangement, assistance by the administration, the climate for novelty and transformation, the situation of human capital, the managerial processes, guidance and learning, as well as the connection with information technology. The success of e-learning depends on the willingness of participants to modify these areas. Besides, it is important to underscore that e-learning will not replace all other forms of training. Literature further shows that it is important for the management of an organization to understand the benefits of e-learning to the top managers and the employees so that they can assist in developing a culture that is supportive of e-learning. An organizational structure that supports classroom learning easily integrate e-learning and helps workers to get time to use technology to learn. The management in such companies practically schedules time for e-learning and execution of daily tasks as the time spent in learning is viewed as investment.  Certain objects are hardly carried out properly in e-learning, including the in-person connections and lab responsibilities. This calls for organizations to ensure that e-learning does not replace all the learning process. When changing the corporate culture to accommodate e-learning, the support of the management is critical in ensuring the success. Changing the corporate culture requires the participation of all the stakeholders, including employees, management and stakeholders. Factors that support e-learning include executives who bel ieve in technology as an investment. The attitude of the learners and the trainers is also important as it determines the level of acceptance of changing the culture to embrace e-learning. Inflexible organizational cultures hinder the implementation of diverse initiatives such as e-learning. Thus, changing the corporate culture to accommodate e-learning requires the management to view the initiative as an investment that will facilitate the company to remain competitive. Works Cited Govindasamy, Thomas. â€Å"Successful Implementation of E-Learning: Pedagogical Considerations.† Internet and Higher Education, 4.3 (2002): 287-299. Print. Hosseini, Seyed, Khodakaram Salimifard and Shahrbanoo Yadollahi. â€Å"On the Effects of Organizational Culture on E-Learning Readiness: An Iranian Experience.† International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development, 3.3 (2012): 42-52. Print. Hung, Humphry and Vincent Cho. â€Å"Continued Usage of E-Learning Communication T ools: A Study from the Learners Perspective in Hong Kong.† International Journal of Training and Development, 12.3 (2010): 171-187. Print. Isenmann, Ralf. â€Å"Progression in Corporate Sustainability Reporting: Taxonomy for Sustainability Reports.† International Journal of Training and Development, 2.3 (2010): 289-317. Print. Liu, Ying, Yu-An Huang and Lin Chad. â€Å"Organizational Factors’ Effects on the Success of E-Learning Systems and Organizational Benefits: An Empirical Study in Taiwan.† International Journal of Management, 2.4 (2012). 1-23. Print. Masie, Elphie. E-Learning: If we Build it, Will they Come? Alexandria, VA: The Masie Centre and ASTD, 2001. Print. Masie, Elliot. E-learning: If we build it, Will they come? Alexandria, VA: The Masie Centre and ASTD Report, 2001. Print. McIntosh, Don. E-Learning and Organizational Culture, Thousand Oaks, California: Sage, 2006. Print. Normark, Richard and Cetindamar, David. â€Å"E-learning in a Competi tive Firm Setting.† Innovations in Education Teaching International, 42.4 (2005): 325-335. Print. Seal, Eyal and Yesha Sivan. â€Å"Enterprise E-Learning Success Factors: An Analysis of Practitioners’ Perspective (with a Downturn Addendum).†Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Learning and Learning Objects, 2.2 (2009): 335-343. Print. Servage, Luke. â€Å"Strategizing for Workplace E-Learning; Some Critical Considerations.† Journal of Workplace Learning, 17.5 (2005): 304-317. Print. Venkatesh, Vitash et al. â€Å"User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View.† MIS Quarterly, 27.3 (2003): 425-478. Print. This essay on To What Extent Does the Success of E-learning Depend on a Change in Organizational Culture? was written and submitted by user Kyler Wise to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Insurance for camels (Albaaeer)

Insurance for camels (Albaaeer) Introduction There is a need to introduce a camel general insurance policy due to the increased needs to protect camels in the UAE. Such an insurance policy should cover camels against sickness, accidental loss of the camel arising from fire, theft, and legal liability arising out of the camel’s damage to properties belonging to third parties such as crops.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Insurance for camels (Albaaeer) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the UAE, camels are valued, and people take care of the animals to ensure that they are safe and healthy. The camels have values in the society. The people also attach an economic value to the animal. Camels can survive in the harsh desert conditions, and this aspect is suitable for areas which are dry. The camels are used for transport. They also supply milk and meat. Camels are also used to pay dowry, and they are sources of pride for the people in the UAE (Salem and Staff Reporter, p. 1). Today, they are also used in sports, such as racing (Zacharias, para. 6). In this paper, the author provides a proposal that Dubai Insurance Company will establish an insurance policy called Alba’aeer. The policy will provide cover for the upkeep, racing, and breeding camels in the region. New product development plan for selected opportunity Pricing In all businesses, a product is brought to the market after passing all stages of full new product development process. Pricing is the last stage in the new development process. The other stages, starting from the first one, are as follows; idea generation, idea screening, concept development and screening, business analysis, beta and market testing, technical implementation, commercialization and lastly the new product pricing. As a marketing manager, developing a strategic plan in setting the price of the Albaaeer is very recommendable. The pricing strategy will consider the all the co sts and the profit margin of the product. A marketing manager should focus on the current and the future situation of the market of the Albaaeer and not historical to ensure that the right price is set for the product. A mind that thinks of today and tomorrow will help marketing managers to set a strategy of pricing that will help make profits today and tomorrow. A mind that thinks of the experiences will obviously drag the marketing manager into setting prices to recover the costs that were incurred long time ago (Tailan, and Liu, 695). The pricing process will consider the fact that the product is new and that customers will not be willing to buy the product because they have not used it before. Marketing managers should take immediate actions in regards to how the buyers respond to the prices that have been set for the Albaaeer. The prices will be tested to test the response of the customers.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we ca n help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The managers should develop pricing strategies that shift with the shift of the price sensitivities of buyers. The insurance products have a price-elastic demand, and this indicates that the price of Albaaeer will be determined by the demand in the market. In case the demand for Albaaeer increases, the price will automatically be increased, and in a situation where the demand of the product decreases, the price will also decrease (Tailan, and Liu, 697). Once more, while developing a pricing strategy in planning for the new product development, in this case, the Albaaeer, marketing managers should study the competition of other products or other organizations selling the same product. It is more preferred for one to be on a creative plane while doing business than being on the competitive plane. When there is no otherwise, the marketing managers in a competitive environment are advised to be alert to the market trend, but not copying what the competing organizations are doing. The marketing managers of the organizations selling Albaaeer in the UAE have to plan their own pricing strategy and not copying the pricing strategies of their competing counterparts. The pricing strategy will also consider the taxes that have been imposed by the government. The taxes account for the price of a product and should be incorporated in the price of the product. The government requires all businesses to pay taxes, and the Albaaeer insurance product should incorporate the tax component. The pricing of the product will be a cover of 50,000 to 1 million Dirham. It will be tailor made in that one can pay as low as 500 Dirham per month. This is to ensure that those who are in the low end market can afford to pay for the product and provide cover for their camels. This is also because the price is one of the ways that the company will be able to receive revenue from the sales made in theoretical term it is one of the most important determinants of the perception of customers when they are making purchases (Salem and Staff Reporter, 1). The marketing managers of Albaaeer organizations too, while planning for the new pricing strategies for the product should think of the product life cycle. As I said earlier, it is wise to set a pricing strategy that has its focus on today or rather the current and the future situation. The product life cycle clearly elaborates that towards the Decline phase, the prices of products start to go down due to the market saturation with the products and the increase of price sensitivity with the increase of products’ knowledge. The marketing managers of the Albaaeer organizations should set pricing strategies that are flexible.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Insurance for camels (Albaaeer) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Promotion Promotion refers to the process of creating awa reness about the products in the market. This can be done through advertising, television, social media, and other communication media. Promotion increases the knowledge about the products in the market. Companies also educate customers about the products through promotion. The companies use promotional strategies to encourage potential customers to try the new products in the market. Therefore, promotion is an important tool when a new product is introduced in the market (Tailan, and Liu, 698). The product promotion will entail advertising the product to ensure that customers are well aware of its existence in the market. The advertisement will be done TV, radio, social media networks such as Facebook, Twitter and MySpace and also on the company’s website through a link that will enable the user to find more information about the product with regard to price, cover provided, extensions of the cover and those things that are not provided in the cover. We also use brochures th at will be placed at strategic points on the premises of the business to ensure accessibility by the customers. The physical product promotion will entail the use of bright and attractive displays on TV with appealing colors. We have chosen green to be our theme color as it communicates trust, nature and calmness and more so because it is a product covering animals- camel (Albaaeer). The cover of the policy with regard to the sum insured premiums to be paid per month, and the benefits that will accrue to the policyholder will also be provided. On realizing that people like free things, the marketing manager of the organizations dealing with Albaaeer and Albaaeer products can organize an event to give away products with an aim of drawing and attracting customers who could at first been disinterested. Organizing promotional events helped our organization to send a press release about our products. We also got a chance to let the public know, through the use of the local newspapers. Th e use of business cards as a way of promoting Albaaeer products can greatly influence the buyers in the UAE in a wide range. Handing out of printed promotional items can help an organization to venture into the interiors in marketing its products. Another way of using promotions in new product development is by offering samples to people with great influence whom after using or reviewing the products offer back a positive response which in turn help to convince customers to try the products. The other tool for product promotion for new product development is the use of testimonials. In the the UAE, Albaaeer organizations can collect testimonial from customers who have used and got satisfied with the products, that is, the camel itself, its milk or meat. The testimonials from customers can greatly help to retain and influence other potential customers who trust their opinions into trying the product (Jaffer, 4).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More All the factors that will influence the consumer behavior towards the newly developed product There are several factors that will influence consumer behavior towards Alba’aeer insurance policy. Consumers purchasing decisions are influenced by cultural, social, personal and psychological factors. Clients who will opt to buy the product and those who will not buy it are influenced by different factors. Many of these factors are beyond the control of the marketers, and they are unique in term of the environment from which one was born and grown. First, cultural factors are influenced by what one was taught from a young age up to maturity. These teachings range from family, school, religious institutions and society at a large. The basic values that shape individuals’ tastes, preferences and perceptions teach in these institutions. For some, they have been taught that insurance is not important especially for animals like camels. For others, due to their religious beliefs insurance is not crucial especially among the Muslims. For others because they do not keep camels due to their own personal reasons, they might not just find it necessary to purchase camel insurance policies (Al-Mutawa, 345). Social factors that influence the consumer behavior are reference group, family, social roles and status. The reference group is the group of people whose opinions are considered by a member when making purchasing decisions. The group can also affect one’s personal life or profession. These groups are can further be divided into family, friends, neighbors, and coworkers who interact with the individual on most occasions. For those clients who belong in a social group that believe in camel insurance or those who keep these animals are most likely to purchase the product compared to those who are not (Strazzieri, et al. 435). Other groups like religious groups and professional associations affect also one’s buying behavior depending on the beliefs o f the group concerning insurance. Family members also have a strong influence on one’s purchasing decisions. People from different families tend to be different in terms of their tastes and preferences that they value since childhood regarding insurance. Parents also provide the first orientation for their kids and in most cases for these kids whatever their parents used to like will be their likes and vice versa. Consumers also will be influenced to buy or not depending on their roles and status in the family either as: a husband, wife and first male son. The status that one has defined roles and ultimately the buying decisions (Strazzieri, et al. 436). There are also personal factors that influence consumer behavior such as life cycle, occupation, economic circumstances, lifestyle, personality and self concept. People undergo various life cycles in life that influence their purchasing decisions for the product. For those who are single, they most unlikely to own a camel com pared to those who are married because they have less needs compared to their counterparts. Due to these variances, their needs for camel insurance policies also vary (Foxall, 63). Consumers’ aspirations to purchase a camel insurance change according to the prevailing economic condition changes. As the economic conditions undergo various cycles with time so do their financial ability to purchase this product change. Their occupation also influences their lifestyle, which eventually influences they need to purchase camel insurance. For those in an occupation that has a high pay, they are most likely to purchase camel insurance compared to those who are in those occupations that do not pay well. Lastly, consumer behavior is also influenced by a person’s psychological factors which include motivation, perception, learning, beliefs and attitudes. Different people tend to have different inner motives and a perception that satisfies certain needs in life. People will buy cam el insurance because of that inner motivation to do so and satisfy the need of averting the financial loss that comes with not insuring. For those consumers who perceive camel insurance to be an important means of avoiding loses, they are likely to purchase the product compared to those who do not. Learning about human behavior, which comes from experience, also influences consumer behavior of this product. For those people that have a good experience with camel insurance, they are most likely to purchase compared to those who lack the same experience. Beliefs and attitudes that consumers have will also influence their buying decisions. Those that believe that camel insurance is important and have an optimistic attitude towards the same are most likely to purchase compared to those who do not (Miniard, and Cohen, 171). Three possible problem situations the consumers might encounter in the delivery of service and how I plan to fix each problem Problem by adopting a new product in the market The company will encounter the problem of adoption of the new product. The adoption of new products varies with customers. There are customers who are early adopters. This class of customers has the characteristic that new products are easily adopted. However, there are laggards who do not accept new products easily. They wait until a product is well established in the market. Albaaeer is at the introduction stage of the product life cycle. At this stage, The product is new in the market, and most of the customers are not aware about the presence of the product. At this stage, the company sells the product to early adopters. These are the customers who are ready to use the product without prior knowledge. The product at this stage requires to be promoted intensively so that people can know the existence of the product. At the introduction stage, the laggards are not willing to test the products because they do not know anything about the product (Sääksvuori and Immon en, 166). Therefore, the company will encounter the problem of laggards because such customers will not be ready to accept the Albaaeer. To deal with this problem, the management should develop intensive promotion campaigns to educate all the potential customers about the new products. This will be done through online channels, televisions, radio stations and newspapers among other media. Most people in the UAE are not aware about insurance and customers view insurance products as a scam to con them money Insurance in the UAE has not penetrated to a large extend because most people are not aware about the existence of insurance policies. However, people in the country have accepted life-insurance products, but they are not ready to take retirement insurance products. â€Å"The low rate of penetration could also be because of very few global insurance companies operate in the UAE and there only a limited number of tailored products† (Chaudhuri, para. 6). Most insurance compani es in the region offer products in motor insurance because it is mandatory. The other products have not been properly marketed. Most of the products have not been offered to the customers. People have bad perceptions about the insurance products. The bad perception was created by former insurance companies which stole money from customers. The companies could fail to pay the customers their dues when risks, which are issued, occurred. This created apathy among customers because genuine cases were not compensated. â€Å"Although insurance penetration in the UAE is the highest in the Middle East, experts say it still is relatively low compared to mature markets† (Chaudhuri, para. 1). The company should educate people about the importance of insuring camels. Intensive promotion should be conducted to ensure that people are aware that the company does not aim at conning their money. Cultural problems Customer perception differs from one community, society or nation to another due to the cultural differences that exist between them. If not properly strategized, starting an organization in an environment with cultural difference has very high chances of failing. A situation may arise where lets say, the customers are so into the existing product and may not need another that is so satisfying. The UAE is a combination of many Arab countries, showing that there are many different cultures with different desires. In such a case, marketing managers should do research deep down the roots to know everything about the market and to forecast. It is wise for the foreign marketers to invest in places where there are cultural exchanges to avoid cultural conflicts. The cultural systems in the UAE have restricted the penetration of insurance companies. The young people are not ready to take insurance policies. In addition, the people have the perception that insurance is an extra expense rather that a protective cover. This aspect hinders insurance companies from selling their products in the UAE market (Chaudhuri, para. 10). The company should promote a culture of ensuring all assets among the people in the UAE. This can be achieved by encouraging and educating people about the importance of having insurance cover. The company can liaise with the government to educate people on the importance of having insurance policies. Conclusion In the process of new product development, marketing managers should do thorough research before they bring products to the market. They should be very innovative in all the eight stages of new product development and keen to the customers’ responses towards all the actions they may undertake in order to satisfy them. Many businesses fail due to poor strategic planning in product development. Camel insurance is an important product that has a high potential of acceptance from customers in the UAE. The introduction of such product should be done in a strategic manner because the people in the UAE have not accepted all insurance products in the market. People in the region have taken motor insurance because it is compulsory, but other insurance policies have not been readily accepted. Therefore, introducing the Albaaeer will face some challenges. The company should provide attractive prices because the product has an elastic demand. In addition, intensive promotion should be conducted to ensure that all customers are aware about the existence of the product. Al-Mutawa, Mohammed A. J. Factors Influencing The Consumer Process In the UAE Society. International Sociology 11.3 (1996): 337-357. Web. Chaudhuri, Ritwika. Insurance penetration. the UAE Digest. Web. Foxall, Gordon R. Social Factors In Consumer Choice: Replication And Extension. Journal Of Consumer Research 2.1 (1975): 60-64. Web. Jaffer, Sohail. Islamic Insurance: Trends, Opportunities and the Future of Takaful. London: Euromoney, 2007. Web. Miniard, Paul W., and Joel B. Cohen. Modeling Personal And Normative Influences On Behavior. J ournal Of Consumer Research 10.2 (1983): 169-180. Web. Sääksvuori, Antti, and Anselmi Immonen. Product Lifecycle Management. Berlin: Springer, 2008. Web. Salem, Fatma and Staff Reporter. Camels a key part of THE UAEs rich heritage. Gulf News. Web. 2012 https://gulfnews.com/uae/camels-a-key-part-of-uaes-rich-heritage-1.603548 Strazzieri, Alain et al. Societal Development And Family Purchasing Roles: A Cross-National Study. Journal Of Consumer Research 9.4 (1983): 436-442. Web. Tailan, Chi, and John Liu. Product Life Cycle, And Market Entry And Exit Decisions Under Uncertainty. IIE Transactions 33.9 (2001): 695. Web. Zacharias, Anne. The rich history of camel racing. The National. Web.

How to Conjugate Mentir (to Lie) in French

How to Conjugate Mentir (to Lie) in French The French verb  mentir  means to lie. While that may be relatively easy to remember, youll also want to know how to conjugate the verb. This will allow you to use it appropriately in the present, past, or future tense and form a complete sentence.  Mentir  is not the easiest conjugation, so be sure to find out the basic forms you need to know. Basic Conjugations of  Mentir Mentir is an irregular verb, which is what makes its conjugations a little more challenging than others. It doesnt follow a regular pattern in the infinitive endings, though most French verbs ending in -mir, -tir, or -vir are conjugated in the same way. You might find it helpful to study a few at once to make memorizing each a little easier. The imperative verb mood is used most often and allows you to express  mentir  in the present, future, and imperfect past tenses. Since it is irregular, you will notice that the verb stem- men-  - has some unusual endings in this chart. However, with enough practice, you can commit them to memory. Using the chart, match the subject pronoun to the appropriate tense for your sentence to find the correct conjugation. For example, I am lying is  je mens  and we lied is  nous mentions. Present Future Imperfect je mens mentirai mentais tu mens mentiras mentais il ment mentira mentait nous mentons mentirons mentions vous mentez mentirez mentiez ils mentent mentiront mentaient The Present Participle of  Mentir The present participle of mentir is produced by adding -ant to the verb stem. This gives you the word mentant. Mentir  in the Compound Past Tense In French, the  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is a compound past tense. It is constructed by combining a present tense conjugate of the  auxiliary verb  avoir  with the  past participle  menti. For example, I lied is  jai menti  and we lied is  nous avons menti. More Simple Conjugations of  Mentir Beyond those basic conjugations, you may find yourself needing a few other forms of  mentir  at times. These can be rather useful if, for instance, the action of lying is uncertain, in which case youll use the subjunctive. Or, the lying may depend on something else, so the conditional can be used. On occasion, you may also encounter the passà © simple or the imperfect subjunctive. Yet, these are rarely used so they do not have to be a priority in your studies. Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je mente mentirais mentis mentisse tu mentes mentirais mentis mentisses il mente mentirait mentit mentà ®t nous mentions mentirions mentà ®mes mentissions vous mentiez mentiriez mentà ®tes mentissiez ils mentent mentiraient mentirent mentissent With  mentir  you will find  the imperative  form  useful for short commands. When using it, skip the subject pronoun: use  mens  rather than  tu mens. Imperative (tu) mens (nous) mentons (vous) mentez

Research Enhanced Interpretation of a Short Story Paper

Enhanced Interpretation of a Short Story - Research Paper Example The brothers Philly and Neil are aptly described in terms of their actions in the story scenes, and hint on their family background and a glimpse of their past. The issue of their dead sister, Sarah Rose whose picture resides in Neil’s wallet and brought out at will when the boys seem to be at a loss, just whets the appetite of the reader, as her story is not brought to fruition. The truth in the feelings of forbidden love shared by Jules and Philly does not necessarily emerge in words, but finds expression in meaningful glances, and eventually, physical intimacies. Restraining themselves in consideration of their present partners Neil and Mandy becomes more difficult as it becomes obvious that the feelings are mutual between them. Neil and Mandy have become mere shadows in the story as they kept mum of whatever observations they may have of the palpable emotions between their respective partners. Jules is one young lady who has yet to find her true self. She is a wanderer who tries to take in life’s adventures as it comes, but needs to stand up for her own convictions. Before coming into the lives and homes of brothers Neil and Philly, she has traveled extensively as a teenager, and has become vulnerable to temptations. She’s played the role of girlfriend to Neil even if she didn’t feel like it just because it was expected of her. It balanced the equation with Philly and Mandy being lovers. She read into Philly’s glances a feeling of being loved by him, which developed her own feelings for him as well. Out in the snow when Philly was mistakenly shot by Neil, she validated that feeling from him as they kissed. There were no words necessary to know such truth. Philly restrained his feelings for Jules out of respect for his brother, Neil who treated her like his girlfriend. Not once did he utter a word to anyone to give him away. It was only with his longing looks aimed at Jules that he was able to express this hidden love for

European Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

European Economics - Essay Example But this has supported unsustainable agricultural sectors. Therefore, after three reforms in 1992, 1999 and 2003 it has been reduced to 45%, which is 55 billion euro per year, with the prospect of further reductions in regard to new long term EU budget of 2014 – 2020. (EC. 2005; Doliak, 2004; Europa, 2011) There were two pillars of CAP. The first pillar was the current Single Farm Payment whereas the measures of the second pillar aimed to support development and diversification of rural communities. The CAP Health Check was launched in 2008, so as to modernize the policy and provide assistance when answering to new challenges such as climate changes. The EU 27 also agreed to further cut direct subsidies to farmers, so that there can be benefit of the rural development policy and also to  abolish quotas on milk production. (ELO. 2001; EC., 2003) The future of CAP beyond 2010 in context of the general reform of EU budget has started in 2010. The European Commission highlighted the fact that agriculture must do more to mitigate climate changes and consider the option to establish the third pillar of CAP focusing on this issue. Also it stressed that the current single payment scheme could by maintained but targeted at providing public goods so as to real EU added value. Former commissioner Marian Fischer Bowl has committed to the farmers to carbon emission will be reduced by 20 % by the year 2020. (Europa, 2011) The biggest recipient of CAP funds was France. The largest per capita beneficiaries from CAP were Greece and Ireland. All four graduated countries were net beneficiaries of EU budget and CAP funding. At the start of February 2010, the ministers of agriculture of Hungary, Slovakia, Poland, Romania, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Cyprus and Bulgaria agreed in Warsaw on common statement on the future of CAP after 2013. They wanted both pillars to be preserved. They also opposed to the idea of basing the payment level on historical principle. The economic crisis seriously attacked the European agricultural sector, especially the Dairy Farming. Farm milk prices began to fall in late 2008 until it brought the whole sector at the edge. Europe was a witness of several protests of farmers calling for action against volatility of prices and phasing out milk quotas as soon as possible, due to surplus production of milk and dairy products and falling prices. (Europa, 2011) In about 2020, the European Commission will publish a Communication on CAP which will meet the food, natural resources and territorial challenges in the near future. The reform focused in making the European agriculture sector more dynamic, competitive, and effective in responding to the Europe 2020 vision of stimulating sustainable growth, smart growth and inclusive growth. The paper outlined three options for further reforms. In mid 2011, the Commission will present formal legislative proposals following the discussion on these ideas. (Europa, 2011) On the basis of the Communication today, the Commissioner of EU Agriculture and Rural Development highlighted on the importance of making CAP greener, fairer, more efficient and more effective. As per him, CAP will not be just for farmers but for all the EU citizens – as consumers and taxpayers. Hence, it is important that we design our policy in a way which will more simply

Miss Maddie Mae Essay Example for Free

Miss Maddie Mae Essay Goooooood morning Omaha! It is 6:30 am and the high today is 101 degrees. Thats right, it is going to be another hot one, make sure to make it down to Linoma Beach today, well be down there giving out some cool prizes and its your chance to winI roll over on my side to hit the snooze button and I wipe my forehead with a wet cloth to cool down. I lay in bed for just a few more minutes starring up at my ceiling as I notice an annoying tick coming from my fan, which by the way, is on so high it looks like it is going to plummet from my ceiling at any given moment. Whats today? Something important is supposed to happen today, I think to myself,SHOOT! Its Thursday, I yell out stridently and I quickly jump out of bed to my feet and sprint to the shower trying not to trip over practically 18 pairs of shoes and so much clothes it would last me the rest of the summer without having to wear the same wardrobe twice. What are you in such a big hurry for? my mom asks me as I cut her off, shut the door, and hop in the shower. Its Thursday, I yell back through the walls and over the noise of the shower. And.Ma, how could you forget? Maddies plane comes in at 8:00, Im supposed to pick her up!Well, you better get a move on then Lauren, Its 6:45!I finally get out of my house by about 7:00 and I anxiously drive to the airport, praying I wont be late. I havent seen Maddie since last summer when she moved to LA to live with her dad for a while. Maddie has been my best friend for the longest time, no one could even compare to our friendship. She is the most real person anyone would ever meet. Did I mention were exactly alike? We are crazy! Im hoping now shes home for good, Im not the same without her by my side 24/7, the worst part about it all is that she refuses to tell me whether shes staying or leaving until I pick her up. It is all very stressful, it really is! I arrive at the airport just barely making it and I wait for her by the security checkpoint because youre not allowed to go any further than that anymore without a ticket. Kieny! My girl,I had to look twice at where that familiar voice came from  because she looked so different. Last time I saw her she had a light caramel brown hair but now she had gone back to being that beautiful bleach blonde hair and blue-eyed girl I knew her to be with a golden bronze tan. Wow, it has been so long, I respond with a huge smile on my face shaking my head back and forth in unbelief. Too long, she replies as we hug jumping up and down with laughter and joy. Once we had our girl screaming fest, we went to this little cafà © back out in Millard so we could sit outside and grab a cup of coffee and some breakfast to catch up on lost time. So whats it like in LA, I can see youve got their style down thats for sure, you look like a Laguna Beach chick,Maddie leans back in her chair, slides her aviators off of her nose and on top of her head, places both elbows on the arms of the chair, and swings her right leg over the left. Its a dream come true, it really is. You would love it there, Kieny So, its my first day back, what big plans do you got for us girl?I didnt exactly have anything planned, I figured we would just go with it, but if I were to tell her that she would be disappointed. I replied, Well, its supposed to get pretty hot today so I think we should go to Linoma Beach, a bunch of people will be out there anyways,Sounds good. Guess what home girl? she questions me in a tone of dissatisfaction. Oh no come on now Maddie, is this where you tell me your not staying? I asked her with great hesitation. She paused for what seemed to take 2 hours, but in actuality it was just for a few seconds, Nope! Girl you better believe Im not going anywhere!I shoot out of my seat with excitement and practically spill coffee all over her white California style tube top and her high top shoes,Thats the way it should be, I laughed,And thats the way it will always be, she said back  giving me another hug.

Analysis of A Lesson Before Dying Essay -- Ernest J. Gaines

Grant Wiggins is the narrator of the novel. He was born in the plantation just outside of Bayonne, Louisiana. He lived there until he went away to college, and when he went back home, he was detached from the people in the town because of his education and different religious beliefs. He is easily angered and often very selfish. This is seen in the way that he acts towards Vivian. He consistently does not give her the attention or respect that she deserves. He refers to her children as simply, â€Å"the babies,† and only cares about the names of his and Vivian’s future children. Grant goes from shallow and selfish at the beginning of the story, to caring and loving at the end. Jefferson is an honest, young black man with below-average intelligence. After being called a hog by his lawyer, he loses all self-respect, and feels as if he is really no better than a hog. He becomes sullen and angry after being sentenced to death. The visits that Grant pays Jefferson eventually revive him out of his emotional slumber, and he begins to see himself as a human being again. Ultimately, he serves as Grants teacher, as he shows him how to be loyal and how to love. Tante Lou is Grant’s extremely religious and aunt. She is very persistent, and does not stop begging Henri Pichot until he agrees to talk to the sheriff about her and Grant visiting Jefferson. Tante Lou’s faith allows her to believe that Jefferson will die as a man. Without this faith, Grant, at first, does not believe in Jefferson. Despite her social status because of her skin, she and Miss Emma dress with dignity, and demand respect from all who will give it to them. Minor Characters Miss Emma is Jefferson’s godmother. She loves her godson Jefferson, and shows this through all of... ...ed by Grant on his drive to Bayonne. â€Å"I want you to show them the difference between what they think you are and what you can be.† This is a quote from Grant to Jefferson. Grant tries to instill on Jefferson the significance of his death. He wanted Jefferson to be an example of the strength of black people as a whole. â€Å"To show too much intelligence would have been an insult to them. To show a lack of intelligence would have been a greater insult to me.† This is a quotation of Grant’s thoughts. He was talking to the sheriff, and did not know how to act. He is more educated than the sheriff, but since he is black, he cannot show it. â€Å"Manners if for the living.† This quote is from Jefferson to Grant. Jefferson said this to Grant after insulting Vivian. It shows his lack of love for life. At this point of the story, he was sad and lonely and did not want to live.

Minamata Disease

Minamata disease  sometimes referred to as Chisso-Minamata disease   is a  neurological  syndrome caused by severe  mercury poisoning. Symptoms include  ataxia,  numbness  in the hands and feet, general  muscle weakness, narrowing of the  field of vision  and damage to  hearing  and  speech. In extreme cases,  insanity,  paralysis,  coma, and  deathfollow within weeks of the onset of symptoms. A  congenital  form of the disease can also affect  foetuses  in the womb. Minamata disease was first discovered in  Minamata  city in  Kumamoto prefecture,  Japan, in 1956.It was caused by the release of  methylmercury  in the industrial  wastewater  from the  Chisso Corporation's chemical factory, which continued from 1932 to 1968. This highly  toxic  chemicalbioaccumulated  in shellfish and fish in  Minamata Bay  and the  Shiranui Sea, which when eaten by the local populace resulted in mercury poisoning. While cat, dog , pig, and human deaths continued over more than 30 years, the government and company did little to prevent the pollution.As of March 2001, 2,265 victims had been officially recognised (1,784 of whom had died) and over 10,000 had received financial compensation from Chisso. By 2004, Chisso Corporation had paid $86 million in compensation, and in the same year was ordered to clean up its contamination. On March 29, 2010, a settlement was reached to compensate as-yet uncertified victims. A second outbreak of Minamata disease occurred in  Niigata Prefecture  in 1965. The original Minamata disease and  Niigata Minamata disease  are considered two of the  Four Big Pollution Diseases of Japan

The Legacies Left Behind from Ancient Rome

From ancient times, Rome’s legacies are still the greatest known to man today. Throughout the western world the influence of Roman power is still manifest. The impact of Rome has furthered our society into an effective and successful modern world. Without the advanced structure of buildings and a thorough law process, who knows how different our lives and world would be. The great arches, the high statues and buildings, all come from Roman background. The law process we use to this day is based on the Ancient Roman law format. Although some of the legacies carried on from the Romans weren’t all great i. e. lavery, the good outweighed the bad. Architecture was crucial to the success of Rome, from temples to bridges to aqueducts, every building got more advanced (Suny Oneonta, 2012). As the Roman power grew over an immense area, the Romans built aqueducts to carry adequate amounts of water to all its cities. This has now been implemented underground all over the world and is called plumbing. Many cities around the world still contain amphitheatres. In Ancient Rome amphitheatres acted as arena’s in which spectacles were staged for entertainment. The grandest amphitheatre, most famously called the Colosseum is still standing today.Triumphant arches like the Arch of Titus or the Arch of Trajan, were to signify great military triumphs and now the structure of the arch is used worldwide. The tradition of Roman architecture has had a very important effect on America. For example, the U. S Supreme Court building in Washington is directly based on the Roman temple type. This particular building related to the Romans all the way down to the white marble, which signifies Roman authority. In Rome there was a building called the ‘Basilica’, this building was the town hall but was commonly used as a courthouse.Like courthouses today there was an apse where the magistrate sits to control the courthouse and dispense the law (Wikipedia, 2012). N ot only have we kept alive the building structure of the Ancient Roman courthouse (Wikipedia, 2012), we have kept the law process too. Although the Roman law is no longer applied in legal practice, the basis of our laws today derive from the Roman traditions (UNRV, 2012). Modifications have been made to suit society as it grows, a coherent system was put in place and laws are written in the national language. Today’s legal system has a Roman eritage and knowledge of Roman law is indispensable to understand the legal systems of today. In Ancient Rome slavery played a big part, whether the Romans owned a slave or whether they were one themselves. Slaves were people captured in battles, which were then sold and forced to work for whoever owned them. Abandoned children were also bought up as slaves. Slaves weren’t all the same prices depending on the age or skill, some were more expensive than others, but all could be bought at the same market place. In Rome a slave is a s lave for life.However a slave could acquire freedom from their owner or if they bought it themselves. A rich man could have as many as 500 slaves and an emperor usually had more than 20,000. Even after Rome passed its days of greatness, it was thought that at least 25% of the population of all people in Rome were slaves (History Learning Site, 2012). This is one of those legacies society could have gone without, although slavery was abolished around 100 years ago, equality is a very big part of today’s contemporary world and this was a very big part of the world 100 years ago (Wikipedia, 2012).All in all, if you weigh the good and the bad legacies left behind from Rome, there has been a much greater positive impact on today’s contemporary world than a negative one. Although slavery is something the world should be ashamed of, the buildings, the structure, the law process and the language are only some of the great legacies that have shaped our modern world. It doesnâ⠂¬â„¢t make up for the long history of equality, but without the majority of the legacies from Rome our world wouldn’t be as successful and effective as it is today.Without Rome and its legacies, the contemporary world wouldn’t be the same. We would know no different, but imagining the world without these significant details is so challenging because we all live our lives with some basis of Rome. Whether it is the plumbing in a house. Whether it is the arches on a front porch. Whether it is the federal courthouse or the legal system and law process. Rome and its power never really faded because it still affects humanity today, the legacies Rome left behind affect all of us in some way. BibliographyHistory Learning Site, 2012, Roman Slaves, 2nd September 2012, http://www. historylearningsite. co. uk/roman_slaves. htm Kpn, 2008, Roman Law, 1st September 2012, http://home. kpn. nl/otto. vervaart/roman_law. htm Rathborne, M. Panczyk, P. Neale, T. Discovering World History Stage 4, 2008, Cambridge University Press, Melbourne. Suny Oneonta, 2012, Roman Power/Roman Architecture, 30th August 2012, http://employees. oneonta. edu/farberas/arth/arth200/politics/roman_architecture. html ThinkQuest, 2011, Government – The Monarchy and Early Rome, 1st September 2012, http://library. hinkquest. org/26602/republic. htm UNRV History, 2012, Ancient Roman Laws, 5th September 2012, http://www. unrv. com/government/laws. php Webmaster, 2012, Legal Roles – Then and Now, 1st September 2012, http://www. dl. ket. org/latin3/mores/legallatin/legal02. htm Webmaster, 2012, The Roman Legal System, 2nd September 2012, http://www. dl. ket. org/latin3/mores/legallatin/legal01. htm Wikipedia, 2012, Architecture of Rome, 30th August 2012, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Architecture_of_Rome Wikipedia, 2012, Roman Law, 3rd September 2012, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Roman_law

CEET(Electronics Electricity) Example

CEET(Electronics Electricity) Example CEET(Electronics& Electricity) – Coursework Example Stepper Motors A typical stepper motor has four coils evenly spaced around the field and a permanent magnet armature. If any combination of field orientation can be generated by controlling which coils are turned on, and which direction current flows through each coil, how many different steps or positions can the motor have per revolution? Considering that the motor has 4 different positions of which will discuss them in order to determine the number of the different steps or rather positions that the motor has in one revolution. The illustration of the 4 frames is shown below where the electromagnets are the 4 inner blocks with 4 teeth each. The electromagnets are numbered, electromagnet 1(one labeled 1 and is blue). The next electromagnet is electromagnet 2 which is next to electromagnet 1 in the clockwise direction. Then, have electromagnet 3 and electromagnet 4 in the same clockwise direction. Fig 1. Figure shows the step motor In position 1, the electromagnet 1 which is on top is turned on; it attracts the teeth on the iron rotor gear (red in color). In this way, the gear teeth are aligned to the electromagnet 1. In position 2, electromagnet 1 is maintained as on while electromagnet 2 is powered making the 2 to be on. This aligns the gear teeth between electromagnet 1and electromagnet 2 resulting to a 45 degrees rotation. In position 3, electromagnet 1 is powered off; this will result to alignment of rotor with the electromagnet 2. This leads to an addition rotation of 45 degrees. The moment electromagnet 1 on top is powered again; the rotor will have undergone 8 steps comprising each of 45 degrees. This is due to the fact, the rotor has to go complete revolution which is 360 degrees; it will thus cover (360/45) = 8 steps to make a complete rotation.For the stepper motor shown in problem 3, draw a pulse train for the four coils that will rotate the motor in eight 45 degree steps all the way around the motor. For each step covered by the coil that transla tes to one pulse so since the coil undergoes 8 steps the pulse train will contain 8 pulses as shown in the diagram below.Fig 2. Shows the 8 pulses of a pulse train for the 4 coilsWork cited1. â€Å"Integrating PC- based logic and motion control† White paper, Entivity I Incorporation2. Benjamin C, Kuo. â€Å"Incremental motion control-step motors and control systems†, 19793. Technical paper â€Å"Introduction to stepper motor system†. Anaheim Automation Corporation4. Douglas W. Jones â€Å"Control of stepping motor. Tutorial† cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/step?types.html5. sdp-si.com/D220/PDF/D220T155.pdf6. Susan Weinscheck, Pamela Jamar, Sarah C. Yeo. â€Å"GUI design essentials†. 19977. Randolph J. Andrews. â€Å"Motion control terminal blocks: the next step in distributed motion control†, Incremental Motion Control Systems and Devices Symposium, 19998. Parker Hannifin Corporation technical paper. â€Å"Linear motor basics†9. www.Compumotor.co m. Retrieved on 19th March 2013.10. www.motorola.com. Retrieved on 19th March 2013.