Critical analysis on potential benefit of using CRM in organization Essay

Critical analysis on potential benefit of using CRM in organization - Essay Example CRM or customer relationship management, therefore, has become a critical factor in the business strategy of the organizations. Customer relationship management is a people-centric business strategy that integrates technology and various business processes around the customers. Analysis and identification of the changing trends of the customer requirements have become important ingredients to gain leverage against one’s business rivals. While the market strategy should be totally focused on the needs and requirements of the people and make continuous efforts to update its products line with that of the changing public demands. Understanding of consumer psychology, therefore, plays a vital role in the development of marketing strategy and planning. The behavioral pattern of the people, in the decision making process of buying products and services, help provide important clues for preparing appropriate advertising strategies and campaigns so that maximum mileage could be garnered for the products. The need for effective CRM strategy has therefore, become essential in the fast transforming socio-economi cal paradigms, so that they are able to meet the challenges of the external factors to maintain as well as increase their existing customer base. The purpose of the study is to gauge the impact of the CRM in the overall business strategy and business decision outcome. Emerging markets are crucial in the era of globalization and can be defined as the new area with high income and where the demand for the product can be created with relative success. According to Nargundkar and Srivastava (2002), knowledge about customer and their required is considered to be critical for the long term success of a business (Nargundkar and Srivastava, 2002). But the studies have shown that only small percentage of business have detailed

Self-Appraisal Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Self-Appraisal Report - Assignment Example ve I previously submitted this or a version of it for assessment in any other Unit of Study at the University or any other institution without having obtained the approval of the teacher. So that the assessor can properly assess my work, I give this person permission to act according to University policy and practice to reproduce this work and provide a copy to another member of staff for the purpose of cross checking and moderation and to take steps to authenticate the assessment, including submitting a copy to a checking/detection system that in turn may retain a copy of this work on a database for future checking. I certify that the statements I have attested to above have been made in good faith and are true and correct. I also certify that this is my work and that I have not plagiarized the work of others and not participated in collusion. This report provides a comprehensive evaluation of my growth with regard to technical, personal and professional skills in the course of my internship or co-operative education experience. The report is divided into three principal categories including an introduction segment, self-appraisal section, and finally, the conclusion and recommendations part. The introduction highlights the overall importance of co-operative education experience and the principal components of the report. The appraisal segment analyses the skills and experience I developed through my work-integrated experience, while integrating viable academic resources regarding the subject. The conclusion part summarises findings, indicating that the cooperative education experience can be improved through specificity and proper delineation of internship learning objectives. Learning in the realm of academia does not only entail comprehension of theoretical concepts, but also practical lessons. The latter are best attained through experiential learning, in school in the course of practical sessions, and during industrial attachment or internships. In

Preventing Animal Abuse

Preventing Animal Abuse 1. Introduction Animal abuse is the form of mistreatment of animal that is often falls into three  categories: neglect, intentionally and unintentionally. Firstly, failure to give  daily necessities to the animal such as food would be classified as neglect. Next,  for intentionally, these people abuse animal for entertainment purposes to earn  their daily expenses or for their own excitement and enjoyment. Some may even  inflict harm on the animal in order to feel more superior or gain control. Lastly,  for unintentionally, these people do not know what the correct ways to treat  animal or they do know that they were actually mistreating the animal. For  instance they felt that there is a need to beat their pets in order to discipline  them. (OntarioSPCA 2009). This report will show that animal abuse is not right hence the purpose of this report is to educate people the various measures preventing or minimising animal abuse. It also cover the different organizations that stop and prevent  animal abuse. 2. Reason to stop animal abuse Research in psychology and criminology shows that people who commit an act  of cruelty towards an animal don’t stop there. They are at a higher risk and  chance to commit property crime compared to those who do not have any  history of animal abuse (Goleman, 1991). Hence it is very important to stop  animal abuse so that crime rates will not further increase in the future. For  example there was an article stating that Carroll Edward Cole was a serial killer  had murdered as many as 35 women in the 1970s, and was executed in 1985. His first violent act was strangling a puppy (Newton, 2001). Eric Harris and  Dylan Klebod the Columbian High School shooters had bragged to friends  about injuring animals before murdering a total of 12 students and one teacher. On top of that, they set a bomb which could have wiped out 600 people (Cullen,  2004). Furthermore, the number of cases for animal abuse has increased to more  than 65% for the past five years, not to mention that it is wrong for people to abuse others especially animals who cannot even speak or defend for  themselves (Degenhardt, 2005). 3. Measures to stop animal abuse There are a few measures that can be taken to stop animal abuse. First of all,  schools must educate the younger ones the right way to treat animals as it is  important for people to have the right mentality towards how to treat animals  from young. School can do so by conducting lessons and invite organization  like SPCA to conduct talks about animal abuse (Drake, 2010). Empathize that  animal abuse is consider a crime in Singapore which people can be jailed up to  a year or fined ten thousand dollars or both (Tan, 2014).Next, the government  can also stiffen the penalties of animal abuse. With that, people will most likely  not repeat the same mistake as people do not want to experience the strict  penalties (Kim, 2010). Last but not least, before individual or family buy or  adopt a pets, they must think whether they are financially stable enough to own  a pet so that they will be able to provide their pets with daily necessities like  food. Furthermore, ow ning a pet need a lot of commitment, for instance owning  a puppy will need to have a commitment of 10 years or so. They need to think  whether they are mentally prepare to own a pets or it will lead to the neglecting  of animals and that is a form of animal abuse (ASPCA, n.d). 4. Organization that prevent animal abuse There have been different organization against the idea of animal abuse and  took measures to prevent it from happening. Some of the organizations are â€Å"The  American Society for the Prevention of Animal Cruelty (ASPCA), Cats Welfare  Society (CWS) and Animal Concern Research Education Society (ACRES). These organization help to spread and inspire people around the world to stop  animal abuse through the internet and campaign. 4.1. American Society for the Prevention of Animal Cruelty (ASPCA) The American Society for the Prevention of Animal Cruelty (ASPCA) is the  first humane organisation in the Western Hemisphere. The ASPCA work  nationally to help animals from being abused, pass humane laws and share  resources with many shelter across the world. They operate in many  programme areas, such as Anti-Cruelty, Animal Health Service, Community  Outreach and Government Relationship. They help to legislate animal cruelty  laws by lobbying for stronger humane legislation nationwide (ASPCA, n.d). 4.2. Cat Welfare Society (CWS) The Cat Welfare Society (CWS) aims to promote a humane, responsible and  informed society in Singapore so that cat can be treated responsibility. They  actively promote sterilisation as a personal responsibility of cat owners to  prevent further population to increase instead of destruction. For instance  records have been showing that 13,000 community cats were put down every  year, and the root cause of the problem is that there were too many cats being  born. The CSW also work closely with all the Town Council, Housing  Development Board, National Environment Agency and Agri-food   Veterinary Authority of Singapore to resolve cat issues humanely. (CWS, n.d). 4.3. Animal Concern Research Education Society (ACRES) Animal Concern Research Education Society (ACRES) wanted to create a  world where animals are treated with compassion and respect and to improve  the living condition and welfare of animals in captivity. They also educate  people and the public to promote actively community involvement in the animal  protection movement. Furthermore they also strive towards synergistic  partnership with authorities and relative parties (Schweitzer, 2009). 5. Conclusion In conclusion, organizations and society have already started to take action  against animal abuse as research have shown that animal abuse have brought  about a negative impact to the people. Hence I think that animal abuse is wrong  and should be stop and prevented so that the number of case will not increase  any further. References: ASPCA (n.d), Programs and Service Retrieved from: http://www.aspca.org/about-us/programs-and-services Cullen (2004), The Depressive and the Psychopath Retrieved from: http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/assessment/2004/04/the_depressive_and_the_psychopath.3.html CWS (n.d), Our Mission Retrieved from: http://catwelfare.org/aboutus Drake (2010), The Answer to Preventing Animal Abuse: Humane Education? Retrieved from: http://www.care2.com/causes/humane-education-is-the-answer.html Goleman (1991), Animal Cruelty May Be A Warning Retrieved from: http://www.peta.org/issues/companion-animal-issues/companion-animals-factsheets/animal-abuse-human-abuse-partners-crime/ Newton (2001), Carroll Edward Cole Fact, Retrieved from: http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/predators/edward_cole/3.html OntarioSPCA (2009), What is Animal Cruelty, Retrieved from: http://www.ontariospca.ca/what-we-do/investigations/animal-cruelty-resources/what-is-animal-cruelty.html Schweitzer (n.d), The Importance of Humane Education Retrieved from: http://www.acres.org.sg/humaneeducation/importance.html Tan (2014), Penalty of Animal Abuse, Retrieved from: https://sg.news.yahoo.com/man-fined-maximum10-000-for-animal-cruelty-after-dog-s-death-041721997.html

The Left and Right Brain Hemispheres: Independent Centers of Consciousness? :: Biology Health Term Papers

The Left and Right Brain Hemispheres: Independent Centers of Consciousness? "I'm of two minds on the matter." "I can't make up my mind." "I'm having an internal argument." Our language is full of idioms that make it sound as if there were two disagreeing voices inside our heads. Often, that is indeed how it feels. But is that sensation physiologically supported? Can a brain fight with itself? Can there be multiple independent centers of consciousness in a single head? Until the 1960s, there was no way for us to test this feeling of internal disagreement. But when a surgery aimed at alleviating epileptic seizures also isolated the two hemispheres of the patient's brain, science was surprisingly afforded that opportunity. Background The left and right hemispheres of the brain are connected by a dense bundle of neurons called the corpus callosum. This bundle is primarily responsible for communication of information between the two hemispheres, connecting them with approximately 200 million callosal axons (in humans.) (1) In some cases of multifocal epilepsy, the electrical discharges that cause seizures can start in one hemisphere and spread to the other by way of the corpus callosum, greatly increasing the severity of the fit. Sometimes this condition is unresponsive to medication, at which point the spasms can only be controlled with more drastic measures.(2) In 1961, Dr. Michael Gazzaniga performed an operation which had been pioneered on animals by Drs. Ronald Meyers and Roger Sperry, but which had never before been tested on human patients. In this procedure, called a commissurotomy, the surgeon opens the skull, lays back the brain coverings with a cerebral retractor, and cuts through the corpus callosum. While this prevents a seizure from spreading, it also prevents information from being passed between hemispheres. Thanks to Dr. P. J. Vogel, we now know that severing the anterior  ¾ of the corpus callosum can effectively stop the spread of a seizure, while allowing full communication between the hemispheres to remain. (3) However, the behavior of full-commissurotomy patients has been extensively documented, and provides fascinating insight into the specialization of the hemispheres, the nature of the brain, and the nature of consciousness itself. Results To understand these behaviors, one must first remember that neurological wiring of the body is, for the most part, contralateral. Signals travel from the left side of the body to the right hemisphere of the brain and back, and vice versa.

The Barbarian Nurseries

Immigration to the United States of America has been monumental in the development of this great nation. In both The Barbarian Nurseries, written by Hector Tobar, and Summer of the Big Bachi, written by Naomi Hirahara, are centered around two characters that once moved to America from a foreign land, in hopes to have the American dream, the traditional social ideals of the United States, such as equality, democracy, and material prosperity. Both of the characters work in laborious fields and undergo scrutiny and interrogation of unfortunate circumstances that were out of their control.The strain that is put on immigrants from other countries is prominent in both of these captivating novels. In The Barbarian Nurseries, the main character, Araceli, is the one that holds the Torres-Thompson household together, just as she holds this novel together. Araceli came to California after dropping out of art school in Mexico and moved to California and now lives in the family’s guesthous e. She does everything for the family; everything from keeping ants at bay by drawing a line of chalk on the kitchen floors to feeding and caring for the Torres-Thompson children.To Maureen and Scott, the householders who Araceli works for, she is unfamiliar and difficult to understand. Yet to the reader, she is the understandable and recognizable hard working woman trying to support her family the best she can. Araceli takes pride in her work; she sends a portion of the money she earns home to her family. Since she cannot tell her employers how she truly feels about them, her actions and body language convey a message to the reader. For example, at a party, Araceli makes a dish in the colors of the Mexican flag, subtly expressing who she is.Throughout the novel you see the struggle that Araceli goes through within herself. She frequently has internal dialogue that is a mix of English phrasing and Spanish language. Tobar uses this technique to demonstrate the struggle that is going on within her; she is caught between two worlds. Similar to The Barbarian Nurseries main character, Araceli, the novel Summer of the Big Bachi, is centered around a character that has moved to California from Japan. Mas Arai, the main character of the Summer of the Big Bachi, is a 74 year old gardener in living in Pasadena California. This man as been has seen significant struggles in his life everything from surviving the bombing of Hiroshima to the loss of his wife. Now his career as a gardener is beginning to diminish. â€Å"At the height of Mas’s career, he had half a dozen of these customers. Hollywood doctors, actors, big businessmen. But now there was only one. Mrs. Witt†, (Hirahara 40). With the dwindling of his career along with the struggles of his life, all Mas wants is to live the American Dream. With everything that is going on presently in his life, the last thing that he needs is for past circumstances to arise; but that is exactly what happens.Mas finds himself unveiling a mystery of his past. The main character of Summer of the Big Bachi, finds himself in a predicament that threatens the wellbeing of his own life. A long kept secret and his fear of bachi, the spirit of retribution, are awoken when a stranger approaches him. He begins asking him disturbing questions about someone from Mas’ distant past, sending Mas on an urgent search for long-buried truths. Once the truth’s had been revealed Mas has an internal struggle, much like Araceli from The Barbarian Nurseries; for instance, â€Å"Mas could’ve blamed wishbone for not keeping his big mouth shut, or yelled at Mr.Ryan for being ruled by a woman and not honoring a promise made between two men. He could’ve berated Chizuko and Mari for their sniveling, which made him delay a decision on a good deal. But when you came right down to it, it had everything to do with bachi and Joji Haneda† (Hirahara 136). This passage goes into detail the battle th at Mas is going through during this period of his life. Just as Araceli had an internal struggle with defining who she was, he is trying to understand the best route for his situation.Araceli not only goes through internal battles she also battles the justice system because of the mistakes of others. When a brutal argument between Scott and Maureen becomes heated and violent, the children are left in the care of Araceli. She struggles with what to do with the children. Her struggle with this begins when, â€Å"She stood with her arms folded and looked down the street, hoping to see el senor Scott’s car coming around the corner, but the vista never changed from the blank-page seep of wide roadways. He’s not coming home either,†(Tobar 132-133).It is at this point that Araceli realizes that she has been left in care of the Torres-Thompson children. She ends up trying to take them to their grandfather’s house which ends up backfiring on her. Each of these sto ries has similar endings in that they both have positive outcomes for Araceli and Mas. In The Barbarian Nurseries, Araceli is goes through the court process, but because she is an illegal worker, there are added on difficulties with her court case. For example, there had been letters written such as this, â€Å"Araceli N.Ramirez should be arrested and deported no matter what the outcome of the criminal proceedings the County undertakes against her. Illegal Mexican labor lowers wages while demanding entitlements†¦Not to mention they breed like there’s no tomorrow, regardless of whether they can support their children because they know the state will subsidize them† (Tobar 325). Similarly in the Summer of the Big Bachi, Mas finds him being the easiest person to blame, for instance he tells Yuki, â€Å"I have a bad feeling about this. Real bad feeling. The police need someone to blame.They might cut a deal with the Japanese government, and I may be tried over thereà ¢â‚¬  (Hirahara 29). Both of these characters undergo struggles of being the easiest person to blame in the justice system and are attacked because of that, even though they weren’t the problem. However in the end, Mas ends up saving his friends and providing the escape they were searching for; and Araceli was let go and makes it to the desert with Filipe. Immigrants are people that move to a country or region to which they are not native in order to settle there.In both The Barbarian Nurseries, written by Hector Tobar, and Summer of the Big Bachi, written by Naomi Hirahara, are centered around two characters that at one point moved to America in hopes to have the American dream. Both of the characters work in California and undergo struggles in their careers as was as in the unfortunate interrogation of the American legal system. Despite the strain that is put on the two individuals, Araceli and Mas, they overcome the struggles, and in the end are victorious in the trials a nd tribulations they both faced throughout the enticing novels, The Barbarian Nurseries, and Summer of the Big Bachi.

My Salon Observation

I did my salon observation at Faith Beauty Salon. This is a salon I visited time after time to have services done to my hair, and never before taken an in-depth look at the surroundings. The front of the salon was just average, as the appearance didn’t give an inviting feeling. There were pictures of hair styles and products on the exterior, but they were hidden behind grills. My first day of observation was on a slow day, as the customers were few. I noticed that the salon was untidy, and dirty. The workers sat down and discussed personal business rather than taking the opportunity to tidy up the salon (fig. 2). There were drinks bottles on the hair station, and shoes and a bucket on the floor (fig. 2). Tools weren’t put away properly, when not in use, e.g. blowdryer on hairstation (see fig. 2). There didn’t seem to be proper storage for workers to put their handbags, as they were being kept on the hair station (fig. 3). The shampoo area was quite small, and this was also were the garbage was being stored (fig. 4). Used towels were left on the shampoo basin (fig. 4). The microwave for heating lunch is kept right over the garbage bin in the shampoo area (fig. 4). The nails area was kept fairly neat and tidy by the nail technician (fig. 5). This may be due to the fact that this is the only rented station in the salon. There was quite a lot of selling going on in the salon, but nearly all the items being sold were not pertaining to haircare. E.g. there were large displays of handbags (fig. 6). There was also a showcase with slippers, and bath & body products for sale (fig. 2). The salon carried only one line of haircare products for retailing, in a very small quantity (fig.7). Overall the salon seem to be lacking in areas of sanitization, proper storage, image (e.g. attractiveness), and professionalism. It felt very much like a boutique, rather than a salon.

Keirla essays

Keirla essays Keirlas tail swooshed back and forth angrily as she stared at the small, cluttered room before her. Boxes were piled around her so that there was barely any room to stand. Keirlas claws flashed as she swiped at an empty box beside her. The shredded cardboard rained to the ground in a manner much like confetti. A tear sprang to her eye as she thought of her mother who, in seeing this, wouldve rushed to her side to find out what was wrong and comfort her. But that would never happen again, her mother was gone now, and there wasnt anything she could do about it. Keirla lay in her bed remembering when she first moved here to Dufur, Oregon and when she had found out about her mother. Keirlas Irish accent still lingered and Keirla imagined that it would for many years to come, but that was the only thing that she had left of her past, her heritage. Keirla could now, at the age of 16 only barely remember her mother, she had been only 5 when her mother had died. Now, eleven years had passed and Keirla was now moving to a new high school, full of new people. Keirla hoped to have better luck at her new school, at her previous one, Keirla had been expelled for fighting with another student. Keirla had had no friends in or out of school, but hopefully, that would all be over in the morning. Tomorrow, she started at her new high school. It was 3 in the morning and Keirla couldnt sleep, it was not the new school jitters or fantasizing about the male population of the school or anything like that. Keirla was not a normal teen, or a normal Kitania (cat people) at that. Keirla had the ears, tail and attitude of a tiger. She stood about 52, rather short for her age and breed, she had long, straight, jet black hair that fell to her knees, her eyes were a fierce yellow and her skin was as pale as death itself. ...

Happy Days Essay Essays

Happy Days Essay Essays Happy Days Essay Essay Happy Days Essay Essay â€Å"No better. no worse. no alteration No hurting. † Happy Days’ heroine declares as she’s fixed in a province of endlessness in the center of nowhere. with a matrimony that seems to be working in vain. Beckett provides the audience with a funny secret plan. along with interesting characters and a curious background – and an unexpected. pendant stoping. The drama opens with Winnie shown buried in a hill of Earth which. by itself. continually instances her organic structure upward and does non drop her in every bit is the usual instance. How this came to be remains to perplex me as the drama returns to merely go around around the present province of the lead female ( Winnie ) and her relationship with her distant hubby. Willie whilst in their separate topographic points – Winnie is hopelessly caught in land above land whereas Willie freely lives in a deep hole a twosome of pess from where she stands. However. as was pointed out. their present province is but an extension of their matrimony – it wasn’t ever like that. : Winnie. as reviews have said. is that ‘hopeful futilitarian’ due to her black optimism – an interesting paradox but rather true in her instance since she rests in the same topographic point everyday. stuck with the same modus operandi with a timeline that is neither distinguishable or so bing. and yet she insists to see merely the few good things there is. â€Å"This will hold been a happy twenty-four hours! † she exclaims. an look where the yesteryear and future collides therefore keeping no unequivocal significance in a temporal universe – such shows that Winnie lives merely in the present ; ‘†¦a happy day’ . she deems. would be the occasional comments Willie makes when her irritation has become excessively much for him. However. despite her efforts to see the bright side of things. she still acknowledges her destiny. which is decease: â€Å"†¦wait for the happy twenty-four hours to come when flesh thaws at so many grades and the dark of the Moon has so many hundred hours. † Winnie’s solitariness and demand for Willie’s attending is already evident through her fluency and her fancied character: Shower/Cooker and his bride-to-be. made out of the demand for the feeling of being cared about. Meanwhile. Willie. is a character that is of her entire opposite – he tends to brood in the past as is represented by his repeating read of the same old edition newspaper ; he lives in silence. talking merely when his married woman pesters him so ; insensitive ; and dirty-minded ( holding laughed at the word ‘fornication’ for being sounding like ‘fornication’ . and maintaining a sexually-appalling post card among his ownerships ) . Though a major character. he’s hardly shown on-stage. Happy Days’ is a duologue. but with Winnie’s incessant speaking and Willie’s indifference towards her. it might every bit good be a soliloquy. Regardless. both characters are similar in that they recognize the inevitable: decease. Winnie has this black shopping bag where she keeps her mundane necessities: her about bristle-bare toothbrush. a comb. a magnifying glass. and a six-gun. This day-to-day modus operandi slightly turned into some sort-of decease rite for her. sing that there is nil else to come but the expected ; the six-gun. most particularly. is a important symbol sing that it gives her the option to merely kill herself at anytime. The attack of decease is besides apparent as Winnie is being buried alive and Willie. in due class. weakens in creeping out of his hole. The drama ends as Willie. dressed officially. comes up to Winnie and susurrations ‘Win’ ; they. so. look at each other through a long intermission as the drapes dramatically closes before them. Samuel Beckett’s â€Å"Happy Days† will maintain the audience entranced and believing all throughout. Its grim amusing attempts and real-life metaphors maintain a dramatic yet blithe scene that somehow high spots it as a one-of-a-kind literary piece. I personally enjoyed it – it wasn’t an absolute play but instead 1 with a pathetic blend. The whole clip it kept me inquiring how they ended up in such place and what truly went on inside Willie’s caput. Winnie. on the other manus. is a character I found diverting. albeit capturing – her looks where particularly notable. Happy Days left me no letdowns or declinations. it appealed to my humourous nature and originative involvements since it gave me an option to build my ain surrogate subsequence on history of the pending stoping. every bit good as the cryptic narrative before all these.

Sing Along ABCs Song Version

Sing Along ABCs Song Version Singing the ABC song has long been a favorite way to learn the alphabet in English. This song has the same melody as Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star. Click on the audio symbol to hear the song four times. Just listen the first time, and then try to sing along with song when it repeats. Sing this song often, and you will learn your ABCs quickly, too! Click to listen to the song and sing along! Sing Along Words and Letters A B C D E F G HI J K L M N O PQ R S T U and V W X Y and Z.Now Ive learned my ABCs. Tell me what you think of me! ABCs Pronunciation Guide eh like the open e sound in letee like the long e sound in the word tree A - eh-eeB - beeC - seeD - deeE - eeF - ehfG - jeeH - eh-eetchI - ah-eeJ - jeh-eeK - keh-eeL - ehlM - ehmN - ehnO - o-uP - peeQ - kjewR - arS - ehsT- teeU - you (pronounced like the pronoun you)V - veeX - eksY - why (pronounced like the question word you)Z - zee Practice the ABC Song on your own! More on Learning Correct English Pronunciation Learn how to pronounce English well by learning phonetic symbols. These symbols represent the sound of English words no matter the spelling.   English ConsonantsPronunciation of the Alphabet with Example WordsSpelling Quiz Page

Practicum Project Plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Practicum Project Plan - Term Paper Example The goal of this practicum project is to enhance learning. The goal statement, project objectives, evidence-based review of the literature, methodology, resources, formative evaluation, summative evaluation, and timeline of the project are outlined in this paper. There are two correlated goals that I will strive to accomplish in this practicum project. First, I will be able to demonstrate skills and competency in managing a diverse population of staff and patients at the end of the practicum experience. Secondly, I will be able to work within a complex system to develop leadership abilities appropriate for the management role of nursing coordinators or night supervisors. According to a Nurse Bedside Shift Report by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (n.d), "Patient and family engagement creates an environment where patients, families, clinicians, and hospital staff all work together as partners to improve the quality and safety of hospital care" (p.3). In this regard, implementation of best practices that promote patient and family engagement is vindicated. Purposeful rounding, bedside reporting, and multidisciplinary rounding comprise of actions posited by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (n.d) to support patient and family engagement. In a study aimed at scrutinizing the effects of communication cited by Dingley, Daugherty, Derieg, and Persing (n.d), open communication and teamwork were found to contribute significantly to the achievement of affirmative results. This shows that utilizing open communication and working in multidisciplinary teams in implementing best practices, in conformity with the project methods, is als o defensible. Conducting an evaluation will also be important in the practicum project. As explicated by Black (2010), evaluation helps distinguish practices that achieve their anticipated objectives from those that have failed. Evaluation will therefore help identify best practices that have

International trade Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International trade - Assignment Example With due consideration to the various assumptions made by John Miller in his article, the discussion henceforth will intend to discuss the impact of the then working condition towards the development of the nations. Therefore, the evaluation of the arguments will consider the theories of Mercantilism, Liberalism and Marxism to define the actual notion presented through the article in relation to labour and economic development. Discussion Position of the Article in the Wider Debates in International Political Economy The phenomenon considered in the article concentrates on the Anti-Sweatshop movement held during the 1990s by young students, especially in American and European industrial regions. The sole concern behind this movement was to mitigate the violation of labour rules in respect of wages, child labour practices and safety measures along with health related issues (United States General Accounting Office, 1988). In this context, the term ‘Sweatshop’ is referred as the working conditions or rather environment where labours need to work for extra hours on a regular basis following rules which apparently disregard human values in relation to the minimum wage rate, or minimum working hours (Arnold & Hartman, 2010). The article further presents a view on the positive role of low wages for the labours working in Sweatshop which can be understood with reference to the Liberal approach of international trade theory. The two most apparent assumptions considered under this theory can be identified in terms that liberalisation denotes a massive inclusion of the government in deliberating the rules and policies concerning employment. This further exhibits the significance of freedom to be enjoyed by labourers through human rights and the role of free markets in the overall development of the economy (Slaughter, 1995). Emphasising on the liberal economic theory, the discussion of the article tends to elaborate on the economists’ view in favour o f the imposition of legal codes to ensure that every factory abodes by the policies which in turn guide the ‘freedom of human rights’. The article further elaborates on the fact that the employees of factories should be treated with equality and liberty in their workplaces with the aid of proper safety and healthcare measures in order to mitigate the conflicts arising and thereby ensuring better economic growth. As connoted by Miller (2003), â€Å"What to do about sweatshops? This is not a difficult question for most main-stream economists to answer. Just enforce law, they say† (pp. 131). However, on the contrary, the discussion in the article also deliberated that a certain degree of freedom was enjoyed by the labourers by willingly opting for such hard works to earn a relatively better pay than that offered by other sectors. The discussed theories of the article also states the economists’ views about the overall labour market development so as to improv e economic conditions which can be illustrated with the help of Mercantilism approach to international trade. The Mercantilism approach attempts to pay major attention to the significance

Oriented Programming and Software Engineering Essay

Oriented Programming and Software Engineering - Essay Example According to Lock (2007), excusable delays are delays that are beyond control of both the owner and the contractors. Excusable delays are caused by natural and man-made calamities such as severe weather, fires and floods as well as transport delays and labour strikes that are beyond control of both the project owner and the contractor. Concurrent delays are project delays arising from delaying two or more projects within a specified time frame and are caused by contractor or owners events. The aggrieved party can claim damages from the other. Compensable delays are project delays that require one party to the contract to demand damages from the party that caused the delays. Damages are paid due to increased project costs caused by increased crew size and cost of raw materials as well as loss of productivity as a result of interrupted work sequence. The effects of projects delays include increased cost of the projects; deny owner and contractors other business opportunities and cause tempers (Assaf and Al-Hejji 2009). Time management techniques that this research will address include critical path method, non-delay approach, precedence requirement, optimal timing and project crashing (Mishra and Soota 2006). 4.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT Assaf and Al-Hejji (2006) ascertained that 70 percent of construction projects in Saudi Arabia experience time overruns. According to Levy (2009), project delays result in increased cost of the project, dissatisfaction, lost opportunities and escalated tempers. It also dampens reputation of the contractor and may negatively influence future awards of projects. The cost of delays is significant to both the contractor and the owner. Increased in cost of delayed project is attributed to escalating cost of construction materials, equipment and office rental, and labour because project cost are time related. Therefore, there is need to minimise construction projects delays 4.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH First, the research will provide insight into the causes and effects of project delays and recommends how project delays can be reduced. Therefore, it will be helpful to experts in construction industry. Secondly, findings of the research will form the basis of literature review for scholars who will find it useful in their future study of the industry. Thirdly, it will increase my understanding and insight in construction projects. 5.0 RESEARCH QUESTIONS What are critical factors that delay projects? What are the effects of activity delays in project management? Which time management techniques promote time execution of project tasks? 6.0 DATA COLLECTION 6.1 DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY Primary data will be collected to identify factors and assess effects of time delays in construction projects as well as assess various time management techniques. Three research assistants will be engaged in distribution and collection of data. Data will be collected from project locations. The whole research will take a hundred and twent y days. 6.2 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT (QUESTIONNAIRE) 6.2.1 QUESTIONNAIRE CONSTRUCTION The questionnaire will be developed to obtain

Media and popular culture in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Media and popular culture in China - Essay Example Chinese history and culture have always been difficult to understand for western intellectuals. Although trade relationships between China and the rest of the world had gone on for centuries, there is always the perception of that the country represents the other, the Orient. This construct is noted to be in complete contrast to the Occident. Seen in light of this dichotomy, while sentiments and views expressed by Chinese leaders might appear contradictory or paradoxical to the western observer, they are not necessarily so for the Chinese people themselves. Chinese leader Dengs statement to the party to â€Å"Guard against the Right, but primarily against the Left† can hence be interpreted to be logically and practically plausible. The rest of this essay will elaborate on this thesis. Ever since the communist revolution of 1945 and the rise to power of the Communist Party of China (CCP), Marxist-Leninist thought have been the backbone of much of public policy. Under the iron rule of Mao Zedong, although several millions of Chinese lost their lives through their acts of rebellion, communist ideology has been reverentially promoted both within the party and among the general public. This is not to say that there are no contradictions and countervailing tendencies within the party leadership. If anything, when one looks at the priorities of Chinese leadership during the last six decades, it is clear that their holding on to authority is of paramount importance. Whether communist principles get implemented through public policy has been secondary to monopolization of power. And since the greatest threat to power comes from popular movements, as opposed to business interests, Dengs warning against the Left makes perfect sense. Although, the tendency to repress and sub due the public have taken new modes in recent decades, it was frequent even during the reign of Mao Zedong, the founding leader of the CCP. In 1958, Mao introduced a highly

Real estate economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Real estate economics - Assignment Example This layout perceives a city as a pattern of settlement, which can be described using concentric regions. In this case, the epicentre represents the Central Business District (CBD). Here, any economic activity is highly regarded since the market is accessible to all. In order to understand the monocentric models, four primary factors are considered. They include; the fact that, the CBD acts as the core area of activities, where transport lines are connected to (Lin, 2014). Secondly, the people living in the CBD live in other cities, which surround the CBD, thus have to commute on a daily basis to the CBD. The third characteristic is the intercity transportation, where the goods obtained from the CBD are ferried to other cities, through common means of transport, such as rail and roads. Since the people here are in constant business, they exchange ideas and participate in a given trend of activities. As a result, they develop a culture, which further stratifies the layout of the monoc entric city. Here, the forms of settlement are stratified and distinctively isolated to a given economic class. The land rates are expected to be highest in the CBD and reduce outwards. Here, the main occupants of the CBD include businesses and offices. These groups of tenants are willing to pay high rent, since they seek to position themselves strategically, in order to access the customers’ strategic locations (Hanushek, 2014). In this research, the area selected is Manchester city, with all the cities around it. They include Oldham, Rockdale, Salford, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford and Wigan. The choice was based on the economic significance of the cities. In addition, the density of settlements and the accessibility of the areas. Then, the researcher opted to concentrate on the rateable values and area of the rented space (Madariaga, 2014). The combination of the two parameters

Intercultural Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Intercultural Communication - Essay Example International students are an increasingly significant presence in our educational programs, and thus it is important to understand how they make the transition from their culture education to new constructs for learning, socializing and communicating. Hence, we need to enhance our understanding of the difficulties faced by international students and construct learning environments that facilitates intercultural communication among international students and host students. In order to critically evaluate the article, it is essential to read it through carefully made make important points as for the consistency and structure, also to discuss in details the parts that were included in the article, review the literature concerning intercultural communication of international students and the difficulties they face while studying internationally and the reason they limit their interaction with students who are culturally different, discuss findings and design of research, consider views of other authors and make sure the article corresponds to other recent research. Finally, come up with conclusion about article's credibility and views on how the article might be improved. When looking for books, articles, journals in the libraries (both university library and online libraries) and searching the world wide web the following keywords were used: intercultural communication; ethnic students; international education; language barriers; cross-cultura... a. Kijima, M, 'Schooling, multiculturalism and culture identity', International Education Journal, ERC2004 Special Issue, 2005, vol 5, no.5, PP.12-136 b. Doria, C, 'The truth about being an international student', Globally United, 2005 c. Dalglish C, Chan A, 'Expectations and reality: international student reflections on studying in Australia', Opportunities in a challenging environment, the Australian International Education Conference 2005'. d. Asmar C, June 2005, 'Internationalising students: reassessing diasporic and local students difference' Studies in Higher Education, v.30 n.3 p.291-309 e. Prescott A, Hellsten M, 2005 'Hanging together even with non-native speakers : the international student transition experience' 'Internationalizing higher education : critical explorations of pedagogy and policy' edited by P Ninnes and M Hellsten, pages 75-95. Hong Kong : Comparative Education Research Centre, University of Hong Kong p 75-95 f. McNamara D & Harris R 'Overseas Students in Higher education: Issues in Teaching and Learning, Routledge, 1997 3. Findings The following books and journals will be used to critically evaluate the article: a. Dalgish C, Chan A, 2005, 'Expectations and reality: international student reflections on studying in Australia', Opportunities in a challenging environment, The Australian International Education Conference, Education Australia. This item can be found in Southern Cross University library/ library database/A+ Education.This paper will be useful in assessing the article as it explores international students expectations, and difficulties faced studying overseas. b. Tomich PC, McWhiter JJ & Darcy MJA, 'Personality and International

Real estate economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Real estate economics - Assignment Example This layout perceives a city as a pattern of settlement, which can be described using concentric regions. In this case, the epicentre represents the Central Business District (CBD). Here, any economic activity is highly regarded since the market is accessible to all. In order to understand the monocentric models, four primary factors are considered. They include; the fact that, the CBD acts as the core area of activities, where transport lines are connected to (Lin, 2014). Secondly, the people living in the CBD live in other cities, which surround the CBD, thus have to commute on a daily basis to the CBD. The third characteristic is the intercity transportation, where the goods obtained from the CBD are ferried to other cities, through common means of transport, such as rail and roads. Since the people here are in constant business, they exchange ideas and participate in a given trend of activities. As a result, they develop a culture, which further stratifies the layout of the monoc entric city. Here, the forms of settlement are stratified and distinctively isolated to a given economic class. The land rates are expected to be highest in the CBD and reduce outwards. Here, the main occupants of the CBD include businesses and offices. These groups of tenants are willing to pay high rent, since they seek to position themselves strategically, in order to access the customers’ strategic locations (Hanushek, 2014). In this research, the area selected is Manchester city, with all the cities around it. They include Oldham, Rockdale, Salford, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford and Wigan. The choice was based on the economic significance of the cities. In addition, the density of settlements and the accessibility of the areas. Then, the researcher opted to concentrate on the rateable values and area of the rented space (Madariaga, 2014). The combination of the two parameters

Directions in Language Essay Example for Free

Directions in Language Essay On this essay we are going to expressly talk on promoting Academic Success for ESL Students and also understanding second language acquisition for school, I will take my time to explain Linguistic processes and discusses the linguistic processes of first and second language acquisition. First language acquisition is a complex, lifelong process. And I will also explain in detail the influential factors of social and cultural processes on all aspects of linguistic, cognitive, and academic development. Students that are in English speaking Countries, who English language is very new to need to acquire profiency in the language, and this same student need to learn some things in addition such as, to learn a range of academic content, some of which they are very new to. Now let us look through these major model factors. The model defines factors that enable predictions to be made regarding English learners’ degree of second language acquisition in an academic context. Taking a critical look from the authors angle describe in detail the dimensions and components of the model and gives more clearly several currently popular types of education programs for English language learners in the United States. Such as their degree of adherence to the model. Finally, we compare the predictions of the model, using predicted rankings of relative program success, to the actual measured effectiveness of each program in producing varying degrees of English learners’ achievement gap closure with mother tongue-English speakers. Promoting Academic Success for ESL Students We are going to look critically at, why is necessary to promote academic success for ESL students and Understanding second language acquisition for school. In the recent research by (Thomas Collier, 1995) shows that when examining interactions among student background you can deduce the difference in treatment and variables and their influence on student outcomes. The two-way bilingual education at the elementary school level which was found has giving a promising program model for the long-term academic success for language minority students. Language acquisition over the years has recently become a thing of necessity for every ESL students, acquiring language as a major tool for effective learning and successful years of study. In a scenario ESL student in country such as USA. It becomes a must for such a student to learn second language, if not it will be a little bit difficulty for such a student to learn fast and even relate with other friends around. ESL students must be encouraged to relate with English speakers and language minority students learning academically through each others languages. (Virginia, George Mason University, 1995). Perceptions among staff, students, and parents that it is a gifted and talented program, leading to high expectations for student performance with this kind of influence given to both languages a level of language stability would be achieved to a large extent creating self-confidence among language minority students. The duty of parents to promote both language minority and language majority for closer home-school cooperation can not be over emphasized to help in promoting the influence academic success for ESL Student, their must be cordial relationship between ESL students and Teachers/lectures or between ESL students and other colleagues and more so between wards/guardian and ESL students and the school authorities. We must watchfully guide against racism around us and protect the interest of ESL Students. The continuous support for staff development, emphasizing whole language approaches, natural language acquisition through all content areas, cooperative learning, interactive and discovery learning, and cognitive complexity of the curriculum for all proficiency levels. . (Virginia, George mason university, 1995). The linguistic processes of first and second language acquisition: The lifelong process: For us to really understand the progresses in language acquisition during the school years, it is expedient to recognize the complex, lifelong processes we actually go through to acquire our first language and second language acquisition in parallel processes. The complex oral language development system from birth to age five is universal, without any physical disabilities or isolation from humans. But the most talented five-year-old child entering pre-nursery is not yet half-way through the process of first language development. Research heard it that Children from ages 6 to 12 will continue to acquire steady or continuous distinctions, formal discourse patterns, vocabulary, syntax, semantics, and complex aspects of pragmatics in the oral system of their first language (Berko Gleason, 1993). More so, children that are properly brought up in this level adding reading and writing to the language of listening and speaking across the globe are usually very intelligent, skilled and increase in grades level and a clear increase in language academics subject. Adolescent that eventually gained admission into high school must have learned and acquired lots of vocabulary in every discipline of study and will continue to acquire more writing skills, this process continues like that till you get to adult age. Adult age is very sensitive age as language acquisition is concerned, as an adult you may not be able to learn too more language than your first language you had acquired. So first language acquisition is an unending process throughout our lifetime (Berko Gleason, 1993; Collier, 1992a). Let us take a look Second language acquisition is also a complex phenomenon. We use some of the same processes we have used to acquire our first language, going through progressive stages and relying on native speakers to provide modified speech that we can at least partially comprehend. The influential factors of social and cultural processes There are four major component of model namely, sociocultural, linguistic, academic, and cognitive processes. These four components are interrelated together and for you to really understand their importance in developing second language acquisition processes that occurs in the school context. There is a figure below to show the interrelationship between the four components. Figure 1 Language Acquisition for School (Virginia P. Collier, 1994. ) Sociocultural processes At the center of the figure above, you will notice that other components are surrounding social and cultural processes through the process of acquiring a second language in school. It is Central to that students acquisition of language are all of the surrounding social and cultural processes occurring through everyday life within the students past, present, and future, in all contexts-home, school, community, and the broader society. The work of Sociocultural may include individual student variables such as self-esteem or anxiety or other affective factors processes in promoting second language acquisition. These factors can strongly influence the students response to the new language, affecting the process positively only when the student is in a socioculturally supportive environment. Linguistic processes: A second component of the model, consist of the technical aspects of language development â€Å"(an innate ability all humans possess for acquisition of oral language)†, as well as the acquisition of the written system of language metalinguistic, conscious and formal teaching of language in school. First and second languages across globe include the acquisition of the oral and written systems of the students, such as phonology, vocabulary, morphology and syntax, semantics, Pragmatics, paralinguistic, and discourse. (Virginia 1994. ) Academic development. A third component of the model, academic development, includes all school work in language arts, mathematics, the sciences, and social studies for each grade level, Grades K-12 and beyond. It this succeeding grade, academic work dramatically expands the vocabulary, sociolinguistic, and discourse dimensions of language to higher cognitive levels. Academic knowledge and conceptual development transfer from the first language to the second language; thus it is most efficient to develop academic work through students first language, while teaching the second language during other periods of the school day through meaningful academic content. In earlier decades in the United States, we emphasized teaching the second language as the first step, and postponed the teaching of academics. Research has shown us that postponing or interrupting academic development is likely to promote academic failure. In information driven society that demands more knowledge processing with each succeeding year, students cannot afford the lost time. (Virginia 1994. ) Cognitive development: The fourth component of this model, the cognitive dimension, has been mostly neglected by second language educators in the U. S. until the past decade. In language teaching, we simplified, structured, and sequenced language curricula during the 1970s, and when we added academic content into our language lessons in the 1980s, we watered down academics into cognitively simple. (Virginia 1994. ) Tasks we also too often neglected the crucial role of cognitive development in the first language. Now we know from our growing research base that we must address all of these components equally if we are to succeed in developing deep academic proficiency in a second language. Interdependence of the four components All of these four components-sociocultural, academic, cognitive, and linguistic-are interdependent. If one is developed to the neglect of another, this may be detrimental to a students overall growth and future success. The academic, cognitive, and linguistic components must be viewed as developmental, and for the child, adolescent, and young adult still going through the process of formal schooling, development of any one of these three components depends critically on simultaneous development of the other two, through both first and second languages. Sociocultural processes strongly influence, in both positive and negative ways, students access to cognitive, academic, and language development. It is widely advice and crucial that educators provide a socioculturally supportive school environment that enable natural language, academic, and cognitive development to flourish. (Virginia 1994) Conclusion These few points raised above I belief has shown the importance of Language Acquisition for ESL students, crucially I have been able to raise some reasonable points concerning, understanding the relevance of Language Acquisition for ESL student. Promoting academic success for ESL students Understanding second language acquisition for school Then I have been able discuss the linguistic processes of first and second language acquisition which also link to First language acquisition is a complex, lifelong process. More so, I have been able to explain the very importantly the influential factors of social and cultural processes on all aspects of linguistic, cognitive, and academic development and interrelationship between these component and why they must be put in place, if we really want to promote Language Acquisition for ESL students. Without bordering our minds for ever am sure that these points contributed have immensely added to effect of promoting Language Acquisition for ESL students, understanding the importance of first language and second language acquisition and also the processes involved in learning these first and second language. The component involved in enhancing the Language Acquisition had been enumerated above. Reference Berko Gleason, (1993); Collier, (1992) Collier P Virginia, (1995). Directions in Language Education National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education. George Mason University. Vol. 1, No. 4, Collier. P. Virginia, (1997). Promoting academic success for ESL students Understanding second language acquisition for school (3rd ed. ). Woodside, NY: Bastos. Thomas Collier, (1995).

Is Clausewitz Relevant To Modern Warfare Politics Essay

Is Clausewitz Relevant To Modern Warfare Politics Essay The students of international relations and strategic studies seek from Clausewitz not a theory of politics but an analysis of war. For some 150 years those who have sought to understand war have turned to Clausewitz- to explain the logic behind wars or to condemn its applicability to modern warfare. Carl Von Clausewitzs concern with war was both practical and theoretical. A life-long soldier, he first put on Prussian uniform in 1792 at the age of twelve and saw action against France in the following year. Consequently, he took part in the campaigns against Napoleon, rose to the rank of Major General and was still soldiering when he died in 1831. Though ambitious in his military career and dissatisfied with his achievement, Clausewitzs passionate interest in war also took an intellectual form. From his early twenties he studied and wrote about war, leaving for publication after his death seven volumes of military history and the eight books which constitute On War  [1]  . Clausewitzs masterpiece of warfare, On War, has been much scrutinized  [2]  . Many critics have pointed to Clausewitzs preoccupation with armies and the control of territory- albeit the principal instruments and stakes of warfare in continental Europe in his time- and to his neglect of sea-power and the related questions of colonies, trade and empire  [3]  . Some have criticized Clausewitzs lack of concern for logistics, his focus on combat at the expense of preparations for war  [4]  . Others have pointed out that perhaps unavoidably, he has little to say about the impact of technology on war, thereby raising the question of whether his analysis remains relevant to modern warfare  [5]  . Criticisms has also been directed at the unclear, even inconsistent ideas that run through On War, a defect which Clausewitz acknowledged in a note written in 1827 dealing with his plans for revision of the work. More fundamentally, Clausewitzian scholars have examined the strengths and weakness of his epistemology: his concept of absolute war, his approach to historical relativism, his ideas on the relationship between theory and praxis and his attempt to develop critical analysis for the application of theoretical truths to actual events  [6]  . However, most proponents of Clausewitz are agreed that one of his greatest contributions, if not the greatest, lies in the attention paid to the idea that war must be understood in its political context. This idea was not new, in simplistic form it was something of a commonplace by the end of the eighteenth century, but Clausewitz developed and expanded it. He was, Paret argues, the first theorist of war to make politics an essential part of his analysis  [7]  . For Clausewitz war is only a branch of political activity, an activity which is in no sense autonomous  [8]  . War could be understood only in its political context and it is therefore in politics that the origins of war are to be found. Politics in Clausewitzs words is the womb in which war develops, where its outlines already exist in their hidden rudimentary form, like the characteristics of living creatures in their embryos  [9]  . After Clausewitz it would be always difficult to think of war as something apart from politics. This is not the place to pursue Clausewitzs analysis of war. In fact, this essay intends to critically analyze Clausewitzs relevance for understanding contemporary patterns and dynamics of warfare. By the end of the Cold War, onwards, the literature focusing on strategic studies has highlighted transformational changes within international system, therefore altering the very nature of war. As a result many security studies scholars have repudiated traditional theories of strategic thought. Calusewitzian theory, in particular has taken a lot of criticism, regarding its relevance to modern warfare. As Paul Hirst notes, we are living in a period when the prevailing political and economic structures are widely perceived not merely to be changing but subject to radical transformation  [10]  . In this new era it is broadly accepted that the political and economic forces reshaping international relations are causing equally profound changes in the nature and conduct of war. Moreover, since the end of the Cold War, speculation about a future not set neatly by parameters of the East/West stand-off has resulted in varied interpretations of both present and future. Would it be radically different world to that which passed? What would replace the Cold War rivalry? What would define international relations (IR) as it entered a new millennium? Of course, in the immediate aftermath of the Wests Cold War victory, Francis Fukuyama, with his famous book, The end of History, heralded the triumph of capitalism over communism as confirmation that the world has entered an age free from antagonisms of ideology and that now the Western Liberalism held the trump card as the global cure to war, inequality and domestic insecurity  [11]  . The western freedom and democratic values underpin the notion that globalization of world politics driven by economic and liberal principles, has become one of the main features of contemporary international politics. It is widely accepted that these changes are also affecting the nature of war. The argument that the state, hitherto, the central actor in international system- is in terminal decline, has stimulated claims that war in 21st century is undergoing profound change. It has even been argued that globalization forces, hereby economic interdependence and a rising intolerance to the horrors of conflict- resulting from a Revolution in Attitudes towards the Military (RAM)  [12]  , has produced an era in which war between the major states is obsolete  [13]  . With the split of Soviet Russia and the victory of the West, in the early 1990s, political commentators such as Michael Mandelbaum were claiming that the trend towards obsolescence had accelerated  [14]  . He even recommended that the rising cost of war and the diminishing expectations of victorys benefits, have transformed its status  [15]  . In short, major war was thought to be a thing of the past. Furthermore, when war takes place it has been argued that it will differ fundamentally from the rest of strategic history; it is even claimed that the nature of war itself is changing. For supporters of this view, war has ceased to be a political and rational undertaking. Consequently, the claim is made that new ways of comprehending wars modern dynamics are required to cope with political, cultural and technological transformation  [16]  . Relevant to that, is the idea of new war, which has done most to undermine traditional ideas about the nature of war. Attacking the traditional position propounded by Clausewitz, that war is the continuation of policy, the new war idea focuses on changes in the international system enthused by globalization-mainly the ostensible decline of the state. As new war proponents believe Clausewitzian theory is conterminous with the state, they repudiate his work as a result. However, the debate between these competing ideas has been ongoing since early 1990s without definitive answer as to which offers the greatest success of understanding patterns and dynamics of modern warfare. This research essay will reevaluate the relevance of Clausewitzs war methods and assess its viability in contemporary warfare. While the new war argument is diverse, its primary claim is that modern conflict differs from its historical antecedents in three major ways: a) structure; b) methods; and c) motives, each element interpenetrate the other  [17]  . Moreover, though what is now termed the new war thesis is in fact a collection of different ideas about war in the modern world, the notion of a new, emergent type of warfare has been primarily attributed to scholars and practitioners such as William S. Lind, Martin van Creveld and Mary Kaldor, among others  [18]  . Like fellow advocates, Lind argues that the wars in the future will be different from the past because, according to him, globalization process has declined the role of the state as the main actor. His argument focuses on his concept of fourth-generation warfare (4GW), which Lind claims is part of an historical development that has already produced first, second, and third generation war. Although attention is now focused on 4GW, it is only a step towards the fifth, sixth and seventh generations of warfare at some point in the future. This irregular mode of conflict is believed to be a return to the way war worked before the state monopolized violence  [19]  . Linds 4GW analysis starts from the Peace of Westphalia (1648), when the state monopolized mass violence. The First Generation of War (1648-1860) was one of line and column- battle was perceived to be orderly and there was an increasingly clear distinction between combatant and civilian  [20]  . The Second Generation of War addressed mass firepower first encountered in the Great War (1914-1918) by maintaining order despite the increased indirect destructiveness of artillery fire. Mass firepower inflicted huge damage on the enemy, followed by the advance of infantry  [21]  . Third Generation War was developed from 1916-18. Exemplified by the Blitzkrieg of the German Army in the opening campaigns of World War 2, third generation war is based on speed rather than attrition and firepower. The primary emphasis is to attack the enemys rear areas and collapse him from the rear forward. For advocates of this idea, despite the high tempo, technologically dominated effects based warfare practiced by the richest modern armies, contemporary state/military structures encapsulate and practice third generation war. For many, this is precisely why victory in modern war appears so elusive. Colonel Thomas X. Hammes of the US Marine Corps explains: Fourth generation warfare (4GW) uses all available networks- political, economic, social and military- to convince the enemys political decision makers that their strategic goals are either unachievable or too costly for the perceived benefit. It is an evolved form of insurgency. Still rooted in the fundamental precept that superior political will, when properly employed, can defeat greater economic and military power, 4GW makes use of societys networks to carry on its fightà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Fourth generation wars are lengthy-measured in decades rather than months or years  [22]   A new type of emergent warfare is also envisaged by Martin van Creveld, who claims that the state power is declining and as a result the traditional structures of International Relations are eroding. Van Creveld predicts that a breakdown of political legitimacy will transform war from a rational pursuit of states into irrational, unstructured activity-fought not by armies but by groups with varying motivations. In addition to that, he argues that war will lose its political purpose. Instead it will be driven by a mixture of religious fanaticism, culture, ethnicity, or technology  [23]  . By claiming that the war has lost its political purpose, Van Creveld, offers a challenge to Clausewitzian model of warfare. Clausewitz argues that despite wars violent predicaments, it is bound by political objectives and that war should be fought for rational pursuit of political goals. As he mentions clearly: the political object is the goal, war is the means of reaching it and mans can never b e considered in isolation from their purpose  [24]  . The idea that political objectivity encapsulates all aspects of warfare is thought to have been accumulated and presented in Clausewitzs Remarkable Trinity. The concept of Clausewitzian Trinity continues to incite controversy. Indeed, the idea that the nature of military conflict has changed originated directly from the debate about the contemporary relevance of the Trinity in understanding the patterns and dynamics of modern warfare. Clausewitz wrote that: War is more than a true chameleon that slightly adapts its characteristics to a given case. As a total phenomenon its dominant tendencies always make war a paradoxical trinity- composed of primordial violence, hatred and enmity which are to be regarded as a blind natural force; of the play of chance and probability within which the creative spirit is free to roam; and of its element of subordination, as an instrument of policy, which makes it subject to reason alone  [25]  . He continues: The first of these three aspects mainly concerns the people; the second the commander and his army; the third the government. The passions that are to be kindled in a war must already be inherent in the people; the scope which play of courage and talent will enjoy in the realm of probability and chance depends on the particular character of the army; but the political aims are the business of government alone  [26]  . By associating the Trinity to sections of society, many scholars have assumed that the concept is fundamentally linked to the state. Crevelds argument that a new type of war is emerging rests with the fact that there has been a decline in the number of inter-state conflicts and that there has been a subsequent rise in the number of wars within states. For Creveld, the proliferation of Low Intensity Conflict (LIC) in conflicts within states is evident that Clausewitzian Trinity concept no longer represents a coherent explanation why war is a rational instrument of the state. This is because with the end of the state and therefore the international system of states (in this case the decline of the state by globalization forces), only violent and non-Trinitarian, non-political war will remain  [27]  . Intertwined with changes in the structure of contemporary conflict is the argument that wars distinctive character, of a confrontation between opposing armies, has been replaced. The argument runs, just as the structure of war has changed so too have the methods; modern wars rarely follow conventional norms and are thought to be of distinctive nature by their sheer brutality and lack of strategic rationality. The increasing use of irregular warfare by terrorist organizations and globally incremented civilians claims to loosen the historical bond between state and military, thus giving credibility to the claim that state war between recognizable belligerents is a thing of the past- a post-Clausewitzian approach is therefore an immediate requirement  [28]  . As this trend develops traditional armies will become increasingly like their enemies in order to tackle the threat that this poses. According to Creveld, armies will be replaced by police-like security forces on the one hand a nd bands of ruffians on the other  [29]  . Following the claims of both Linds and Crevelds theses, war in the former Yugoslavia, Caucasus and throughout Africa seemed to substantiate their claims with much needed evidence. Mary Kaldor, the chief proponent of new war, has even claimed that the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina has become the archetypal example, the paradigm of the new type of warfare  [30]  . These conflicts do appear to manifest irrational traits and they often seem to be guided by factors other than governmental policy. As such, it has become common for most commentators and theorists openly to envisage a world where conventional armies cannot function properly against a new type of enemy. It is predicted that this trend will continuously develop and the feared result is an overspill of unorganized violence from the developing world. Kaldor, perhaps the best known of the new war advocates, explains the difference inherent in new wars: In contrast to the vertically organized hierarchical units that were typical of old wars, the units that fight these wars include a disparate range of different types of groups such as paramilitary units, local warlords, criminal gangs, police forces, mercenary groups and also regular armies including breakaway units of regular armies. In organizational terms, they are highly decentralized and they operate through a mixture of confrontation and cooperation even when on opposing sides  [31]  . Throughout the 1990s, wars in Balkans, Caucasus and Africa propelled the idea of Transformative change in International Relations. Advocated by Robert Kaplans provocative thesis The Coming Anarchy, it is argued that the global economic inequality, combined with stabilizing effects of failed states are the primary danger awaiting the modern world- especially when factions resort to communal violence in order to restore group security. For Kaplan, the implications necessitate analysis of, the whole question of war  [32]  . Furthermore, he mirrors Crevelds position; he too rejects the Clausewitzian argument that war is governed by politics. Like other new war writers, Kaplan warns that a preponderance of high-tech weapons is useless in a world where conventional war is outmoded. He cautions, something far more terrible awaits us  [33]  . War will not be characterized by the large-scale industrial confrontations of the twentieth century, or be subject to any notion of legality; there will be no rules of war as understood today. Rather, the primary target in new wars is the civilian population. If the present conflict in Iraq is any measure, attacking civilians has become the tactic of choice for the non-state actors operating there. According to the Brookings Institutes Iraq Index, the figures for civilian deaths during conflict are even more telling. From March 2003 until June 2006, the index estimates the total number of civilian fatalities as a result of conflict at 151,000  [34]  . Certainly, the recent experiences of the United States and its allies in Iraq and Afghanistan appear to suggest a trend towards difficult irregular warfare. These examples seem to compound the argument that future war will be asymmetrical, at least on one side  [35]  . Some commentators, have even suggested that using the term war at all, gives it a credibility that belies its unorganized character  [36]  . After all, these new internal wars do not manifest military objectives; at least, not ones we are used to seeing  [37]  . According to Kalevi Holsti: War has become de-institutionalized in the sense of central control, rules, regulations, etiquette and armaments. Armies are rag-tag groups frequently made up of teenagers paid in drugs, or not paid at all. In the absence of authority and discipline, but quite in keeping with the interests of the warlords, soldiers discover opportunities for private enterprises of their own  [38]  . Rupert Smith, a retired top British general with direct experience of war in Balkans, Northern Ireland and the Middle East, goes even further, claiming that: War no longer exists. Confrontation, conflict and combat undoubtedly exist all around the world- most noticeably, but not only, in Iraq, Afghanistan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Palestinian Territories- and states still have armed forces which they use as symbols of power. None the less, war as cognitively known to most non-combatants, war as battle in a field between men and machinery, war as a massive deciding event in a dispute in international affairs: such war no longer exists  [39]  . For new war advocates, globalizations pervasive nature stimulates dissonance between those able to play a part in a globalized world, and those who are not. As Mark Duffield argues: The changing competence of the nation-state is reflected in the shift from hierarchical patterns of government to the wider and more polyarchial networks, contracts and partnerships of governance  [40]  . It is an opinion championed by Kaldor, who claims the process of globalization is tearing up the previously stable state system- a system which for many has provided a starting point for understanding war and it role in international relations system  [41]  . Consequently, she too rejects the Clausewitzian Paradigm  [42]  . Like other new war commentators, Kaldor believes the pervasive nature of globalization is the root cause of modern political instability and war. As globalization erodes the state system, there will be a parallel trend highlighting an increase in identity politics. Just as there has been a change in structure and methods so too are there changes in the motivations of modern war. With socially ostracized communities unable to express their political grievances, it is thought they will employ war as the most attractive expression of their local cultural/religious needs  [43]  . To grab power, this process is supported by political elites  [44]  . Several studies into the economies of new wars suggest that greed plays a large role in contemporary civil conflict  [45]  . They also agree that the economic element found in new wars is directly linked to why the distinction between war and peace has become blurred  [46]  . For Mark Duffield, war is no longer a Clausewitzian affair of state; it is a problem of underdevelopment and political breakdown  [47]  .

Fight Club Essay -- essays research papers

Fight Club Reader Response The movie Fight Club is based around a concept articulated by Tyler Durden to a ‘lost generation’ of men as, â€Å"You are not your job. You are not how much you have in the bank. You are not the contents of your wallet. You are not your khakis. You are not a beautiful and unique snowflake†. This ideology represents a counter-culture to the typical American pop culture and creed. As demonstrated throughout the movie, this ‘revolution’ is a fight against the widely accepted and conventional wisdom that inhabits the media and has an unparalleled affect on the outcome of our society. Fight Club is a reflection of the suffering experienced by the ‘Generation X’ male who feels trapped in the world of the grey-collar working-class. The world that he inhabits is filled with materialism and distractions. Additionally, these males are part of a smaller group of men raised in single-parent families often devoid of a male role-model, living in a tim e period where there is no great cause for the average North American male to fight for. No purpose. This all constructs a loss of identity and reason in the male that is eventually resolved through enlightenment brought on by Fight Club; Self-destruction vs. self-improvement. In the movie, the main character is introduced to the audience without a name and the ambiguity of the situation only becomes more entrenched in their minds as the movie progresses. The narrator comes to us without a name because he represents ...

Death from a Buddhist and Christian Point of View :: essays research papers

Death from a Buddhist and Christian Point of View   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"You will be with me today in paradise,† Jesus Christ told this to the thief on the cross while they were dying. However, can people believe that there is truly life after death? In many different religions there are different perceptions of life after death. For example in the Buddhist religion, the Buddhist people believe that life is practice for death. Professor Brown, of California State University of Northridge stated, â€Å"The Buddhist people cultivate positive, happy virtuous states of mind and abandoning non-virtuous, harmful, suffering states of mind.† This teaching is mirrored by Christianity teachings as well. Professor Brown also stated, â€Å"Death is an opportunity for great spiritual achievement if one is prepared and remembers one’s spiritual practices and beliefs and understandings during the death process.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From its inception, Buddhism has stressed the importance of death, since awareness of death is what prompted the Buddha to perceive the ultimate futility of worldly concerns and pleasures. Realizing that death is inevitable for a person who is caught up in worldly pleasures and attitudes, he resolved to renounce the world and devote himself to finding a solution to this most basic of existential dilemmas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Buddhism does not look at death as a continuation of the soul but as an awakening. Dying and being reborn has been compared by some Buddhist as a candle flame. When the flame of one lit candle is touched to the wick of an unlighted candle, the light passes from one   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Valino 2 candle to another. The actual flame of the first candle does not pass over but is responsible for lighting the second candle.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When preparing for death Buddhist generally agree a person’s state of mind while dying is of great importance. While dying the person can be surrounded by friends, family and monks who recite Buddhists scriptures and mantras to help the person achieve a peaceful state of mind. Buddhism asserts that all being live beyond the various fluctuations of this life. Death is merely a passage to rebirth in another realm such as the human world, a pure land or the flowering of the ultimate nature of the mind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So in all actuality, Buddhist believe that every day on earth, people should live with good positive feelings, positive thinking, positive attitude. As Buddhist people suggested, life is practice. One can not be happy in the after life unless one takes the advantage of their life on earth.

FIN/370 Week 2 Team Essay

Starbucks’ Ethics and Compliance Paper Ethical behavior within a company is very important to its future and success. This type of behavior is not just important for the employees to follow, but for the entire company. In 2001, a failing company called Enron was involved in numerous unethical behaviors. For example, Enron’s Chief Financial Officer temporarily suspended their â€Å"code of ethics† not once, but twice in order to partake in personal financial gain. Enron’s actions eventually resulted in bankruptcy and assisted with the creation of a new set of guidelines for companies to follow. The so-called guidelines were called the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (Titman, S., Keown, A.J., & Martin, J.D. 2011). The SOX helped institute a set of rules for companies to follow, one being the creation and compliance of a code of ethics within every company. One company that seems to do a very good job with complying with the guidelines of SOX is Starbucks Corp. They have a strong program set in place to support their mission of making ethical decisions at work. The use of their program â€Å"Business Ethics and Compliance† might just be the very reason why their SEC filings show a relatively successful business. Financial Environment In regards to the finance environment, Starbucks plays an active role in ethics and compliance. Not only are their employees offered ways to voice concerns of unethical issues in the work place, but also Starbucks’ partners as well. Starbucks holds a meeting every year for their shareholders in order to review the yearly performance, vote on issues, and voice their concerns about the company. Starbucks’ ethics program is setup in a way that helps integrate and network ethical business practices on all levels of the company. For six years now, Starbucks has been named among the world’s most ethical companies and to this day is still going strong (Business Ethics and Compliance. 2012). Ethical Behavior Procedures * Starbucks vision and values business mission is to conduct themselves and strive to do what is ethically right for the business. The organization has a mission to protect its culture and help strive to keep a good reputation by providing resource programs to help its partners with making good ethical decisions. Starbucks organization has numerous procedures in place to ensure  ethical behavior in the work place. According to Starbucks (2011), â€Å"Our mission is to inspire and nurture the human spirit~one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time.† (para. 1). * When looking at Starbucks’ global responsibility report for 2011 on its goals and the process for the organization, it shows to be on track in several places. The report shows that to ensure ethical behaviors the company has implemented front-of-store recycling and developed an inclusive recycling solution on all paper products carried in their stores. Starbucks organization is also ensuring that their coffee is ethically sourced under the C.A.F.E at 100% by 2015 and reducing consumption of energy and water by 25% by 2015. Starbucks also ensures ethical behavior by purchasing renewable energy. Starbuck’s became a member of the Global Social Compliance Program in 2011. The program is Starbuck’s business motivation strength to promote on environmental improvement and help its working conditions of its global supply chains. The organizations goals and processes show behaviors for the company to be on track to be both ethically and environmental friendly. United States Financial Markets When operating a small business, running a large corporation, or when it comes to personal finance it is imperative to understand financial markets and how they operate within the United States. The term financial market is explained as a mechanism that allows people to easily buy and sell financial claims (Titman, Keown, & Martin, 2011) and there are many different ways to conduct these transactions within these markets. There are three principal sets of stakeholders within financial markets with the first being borrowers. Borrowers are individuals or companies that need money to better position themselves for example an individual getting a student loan or a small business getting a small business loan. Savers are the second of these three key stakeholders. Just like borrowers, savers can be either an individual or a company with the main point being that they have money to invest. Individuals who save typically save for a specific reason such as purchasing a new vehicle, a down payment on a house, or even to prepare for a difficult economy. When firms run a surplus and have extra cash they also save money and invest in things such as stocks and even other companies in a conglomerate merger. Financial institutions are the third key player  regarding financial markets. Financial institutions help bring borrowers and savers together in order to facilitate desired transactions. The most common financial institutions are banks and credit unions because while they accept deposits and credit an account for that deposit, they also provide services such as loans and that money has to come from somewhere (investors). The financial marketplace consists of commercial banks, finance companies, insurance companies, investment banks, and investment companies (Titman, Keown, & Martin, 2011). Within these entities another step is taken and can be broken down to be classified by the maturities of the securities traded in them. There are two main classifications with the first being the money market. Money markets are designed for short term debt instruments with the threshold period being one year or less. The second of these two classifications is the capitol market which is the exact opposite of the money market. Capitol markets are designed for long term debt instruments with a threshold period extending beyond one year. Complying With SEC Regulations The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is a federal agency and was formed in 1934 to enforce federal securities laws and to regulate the securities industry. In order to effectively oversee and regulate the securities industry the SEC is broken down into five main divisions which are corporation finance, trading and markets, investment management, enforcement, and lastly risk, strategy, and financial innovation. The Starbucks Corporation falls into several of these categories and must implement and enforce their own set of controls and procedures within the company in order to be in compliance with the SEC. Starbucks Corporation has put in place disclosure procedures and controls in an effort to ensure that all reports that are filed and submitted are within SEC regulations. These controls and procedures were designed to â€Å"ensure that material information required to be disclosed in our periodic reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the â€Å"Exchange Act†), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms (Starbucks, 2012). As with anything new an evaluation must occur and during the fourth quarter of the 2012 fiscal year Starbucks did exactly that with the participation and  supervision of senior management and concluded that these controls were effective and worthy of SEC regulations. Another control implemented by Starbucks is financial reporting internal controls. Financial internal controls are a very crucial element within any company due to the severity of repercussions of inaccurate reporting. Starbucks put these controls in place to â€Å"provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (Starbucks, 2012). Some of the duties that go along with these controls include maintaining records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect transactions, providing reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary for preparation of financial statements, providing reasonable assurance that receipts and expenditures are made in accordance with management authorization, and providing reasonable assurance that unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of company assets that could have a material effect on financial statements would be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Overall the Starbucks Corporation has many different controls and procedures that allow the company to comply with SEC regulations and the two examples in this paper are just a snap shot of what Starbucks must do and maintain in order to stay clear of punishment handed down by the SEC. Starbucks financial performance The financial performance for Starbucks for the 2010, 2011 and 2012 fiscal years have increased. In the 2011 year, they had the reportable operating segments which are the United States, International and Global Consumer (United States Securities and Exchange Commission, Sept). In percentage, Starbucks total net revenue for the fiscal year were United States 69%, International 22%, Global Consumer 7% and other was 2%. The total net revenue for the 2011 year was at 11.7 billion while the 2012 year was increased by 14% to 13.3 billion. By The total revenues increased by 14% driven by global comparable store sales growth of 7% and a 50% increase in channel development revenue. The total equity for 2010 was 3,682.3 and 2011 was 4,387.3. At the end of the 2011 year, the return of equity was 29.26% and the end of the 2010 year was 28.87%. (United States Securities and Exchange Commission, Sept) Starbucks financial performance is increasing  from year to year. The following are ratios for 2010 and 2011 that shows Starbucks financial performance in 2010 and 2011. Current ratio: Current Assets/Current Liabilities 2011 3794.9million/2075.8 million = 1.83 times 2010 2756.4 million/1779.1 million = 1.55 times Debt ratio: Total Liabilities/Total Assets 2011 2973.1 million/7360.4 million = 40.4% 2010 2703.6 million/6385.9 million = 42.3% Return on equity: Net Income/Common Equity 2011 1245.7 million/4387.3 million = 29.26% 2010 945.6 million/3682.3 million = 28.87% Day’s receivable: Accounts Receivable/Annual Credit Sales/365 2011 386.5/ (11700.4/365) = 12.1 days 2010 302.7/ (10707.4/365) = 10.3 days Ratio Trends According to the trends of each financial ratio the Starbucks organization is in good health. Starting with the current ratio although it is a bit lower in 2011 the company is still doing well when it comes to current assets and liabilities. The debt ratio indicates how much assets were financed using current liabilities. (United States Securities and Exchange Commission, Sept) From 2010 to 2011 the debt ratio decreased by 1.9% which means the company financed fewer assets with the current plus long-term liabilities. The Return on Equity increased 2.7% from 2010 to 2011 which means the company received a higher return on their equity which is good for the company. The last ratio which is the Average Collection Period ratio measures how many days it takes a firm to collect its receivables. In 2011 the number of days increased slightly but with increased sales from 2010 to 2011 leads to future investments. (United States Securities and Exchange Commission, Sept) According to these tren ds, it appears that Starbucks is growing strong and the organizations financial health is good. References Business Ethics and Compliance. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.starbucks.com/about-us/company-information/business-ethics-and-compliance Starbucks. (2012). Goals & Progress: Ethical Sourcing. Retrieved

Behavioral trend- Adolescent rebellion

Throughout generations, adolescent behavioral trend has been a matter of concern for families and schools. Their rebellious attitude has drawn attention of many psychologists. Usual defiance includes mood swings, disobedience, anger, criticism, disagreement, and harmful habits like smoking, drugs.Socioeconomic status of the youth is a major factor. The urge to be accepted by their peers, leads to comparison for equality. Peer pressure is perhaps the most vital and unavoidable element in adolescence. Columbia University Teachers Suniya S. Luthar and Nadia S.Ansary wrote following: In a comparative study of middle school students at the two socioeconomic extremes, Becker and Luther (2004) found that â€Å"good students† enjoyed high peer status in both suburban and urban settings; by contrast, it was only the high income youth who admired peers seen as â€Å"bad students†. Society which does not view teenagers as adults restricts their freedom, believing it to be in their best interest. Parents often believe that adolescents cannot make good decisions. This restriction of freedom leads to rebellious behavior.However, â€Å"a Cornwell study from 2006 determined that teens are more likely to consider risk while making a decision, and for a longer period of time, than adults† (Cornell University, 2006, December 12). Psychologist Laurence Steinberg says that a large factor in teenage rebellion is the natural early development of the socioemotional network. (Cited in Temple University, 2007) References Luthar,S. S. & Ansary,N. S. (2005).Dimensions of adolescent rebellion. Development and Psychopathology, 10, 231-243. Steinberg,S (2007). Teenage rebellion and the socioemotional network. Science Daily. Retreived April 6, 2010 from www. sciencedaily. com